青贮玉米的淀粉消化率

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StarchDigestibility青贮玉米的淀粉消化率杜邦中国集团有限公司先锋种子事业部奶牛营养经理史枢卿(SamSHI)Sam.shi@pioneer.com13331023838，010-85571642https://www.pioneer.comwww.xflz.com.cnTaian，第五届奶牛粗饲料大会2015年6月25日INSERTSENSITIVITYCLASSIFICATIONHERE 青贮玉米的干物质和消化率DMandDigestibilityofCorn秸秆=55-60%干物质玉米粒=40-45%干物质叶片+茎杆=40%DM淀粉消化率（7小时）83.19%中洗纤维消化率47.68%+-15.24%(52.72-98%)+-5.24%（37.21-58.15）INSERTSENSITIVITYCLASSIFICATIONHERE UnlikeFermentedWheatorBarley,FermentedCorn(assilageorfermentedmaizegrain)DriftsUpwardsinRuminalStarchDigestibilityOverTimeinStorage与青贮小麦和燕麦不同，青贮玉米的瘤胃淀粉消化率随贮藏时间的延长而上升Thisdataisfromastudywithensiledhigh-moisturecorngrain.Cornsilagewith100slightlylessmaturekernelsstartsoffatabout70%ofstarchdigestedintherumenimmediatelyatharvestandincreasesabout2%unitspermonthofstoragestabilizingatabout6months8060体内干物质消失率%40Higherensilingmoisturesincreasesruminalstarchdigestibility20青贮时的高湿度会提高瘤胃淀粉消化率LongerfermentationtimesincreasesruminalstarchdigestibilityISDMD,长时间的发酵会提高淀粉消化率0056112168224280336392EnsilingPeriod(days)发酵时间（天）DRC24%HMC28%RECON30%HMC35%RECONSource:J.R.Benton,G.E.Erickson,andT.J.KlopfensteinUofNE,Lincoln.Abstract#9362004ASAS/ADSASessions,St.LouisINSERTSENSITIVITYCLASSIFICATIONHERE,MO DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL4 2011康奈尔大学推荐的奶牛饲养配方标准(2011.5)单位远干奶牛近干奶牛新产奶牛高产奶牛干物质采食量DMIkg13-14‘12-1319+23+泌乳净能NE兆卡/Kg1.30-1.391.40-1.451.72-1.761.69-1.76L代谢能平衡%需求量110%-120%110-120%80-90%100-110%碳水化合物有效纤维peNDF%DM干物质30-4028-3524-2623-25淀粉,最大值%DM干物质16192730糖%DM干物质<3<355TomOverton,Ph.D.蛋白Protein粗蛋白%DM<16<15<18<18源于瘤胃细菌的代谢氮白%ofMP>50>40>40脂肪Fat总脂肪，最优%DM3.53.545http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/微量元素LarryChase,Ph.D.钙Ca%DM0.5-0.70.9-1.10.8-1.00.8-1.0磷P%DM0.3-0.360.3-0.360.35-0.40.35-0.4DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL5 DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL6 瘤胃体外模拟发酵测试法，FenmentricsDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL7 消化率测定和微生物发酵产气DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL8 CPMCNCPSV6.1B1andB3DigestionRates(Kd)arecriticaltoestimatingintake,productionandtendencyforacidosisB1和B3消化率(Kd)对于估量采食，生产和酸中毒都非常重要FastpoolFastKd’sFastpoolSlowSlowpoolKd’sDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL9 粗饲料的正确取样DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL10 这种质量的玉米青贮看上去会产更多奶吗？Doesthisanalysislooklikethiscornsilageshouldproducemilk?是的，它会但是营养学家会说因为这种玉米青贮奶牛产奶量下降Yes,itdoesButthenutritionistclaimedcowsweredowninmilkbecauseofthiscornsilageDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL11 不进行籽粒破碎，日粮中淀粉消化率低DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL12 带籽粒破碎青贮收割机，35-38%干物质收获淀粉消化率依然高达98%DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL13 筛目揉丝青贮籽粒破碎ScreenShredlageKPKP(mm)1931.5%5.6%841.5%75.6%1.1826.2%18.4%Pan0.8%0.4%*PennStatedatafromsilobagsShredlage*Nosortingdifferencesinrefusals加工评分75+/-3.3加工评分60+/-3.9Processingscore75+/-Processingscore60+/-KernelsafterwaterseparationbyKevinShinners,UWMadison3.33.9 青贮玉米籽粒破碎优化的进展籽粒破碎指南KernelDamageGuidelines(perDr.DaveMertensUSDA/ARS)超过70%=最佳Over70%=optimal50-70=平均50-70=Average未破碎部分应低于50%Lessthan50%underprocessedDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL15 LaboratoryRo-TapLabMethodtoQuantifyKernelDamageLabmethodjointlydevelopedbyDuPontPioneer,USDairyForageResearchCenterandDairylandLabs(Arcadia,WI)数量化玉米籽粒压碎度的实验室方法(Ro-TapLab)该方法是由杜邦先锋，美国农业部奶牛牧草研究中心和Dairyland实验室联合研发的SieveStarchislessruminally(mm)availableinkernelsonorabovethe4.75mm19coarsesieve(retains¼kernelpiecesandgreater)当压13coarse碎的籽粒≥4.75mm筛9.5coarse上部分（≥1/4颗籽粒），籽粒中的淀粉6.7coarse不易于消化4.75mmscreen4.75coarseStarchmoreruminally3.35mediumavailableinkernelsbelowthe4.75mm2.36mediumsieve1.18mediumQuantifies%ofstarchindamagedvs.当压碎后的籽粒undamagedkernels<4.75mm时，籽粒中0.6fine精确测量破碎和未破碎籽粒的淀粉含量（％）的淀粉更易于在瘤胃中被利用panfineAvailablecommerciallyfrommanyforagetestinglabs许多牧草检测实验室提供商业化检测•Lessthan50%=Underprocessed<50%=破碎做得差GuidelinesforInterpreting•50%-70%=Average(butprefer>65%)一般（最好>65LabProcessingScores:•Greaterthan70%=Optimum(butdifficulttoobtain)实验室报告评分指南解读>70%=最佳（但很难达到）INSERTSENSITIVITYCLASSIFICATIONHERE 谷粒加工KernelProcessing先锋感到有义务帮助做好籽粒破碎，惟有如此，先锋的良种才能实现其最大化价值WefeelanobligationtohelpcustomersgetthisaccomplishedsuccessfullysoPioneerhybridsdelivertheirmaximumvalue 全株玉米植株水分的测定现场快速测水分仪器Wile26(3200元）微波炉测定法Wile253盘形探头（1000元)100g新鲜粉碎样品放入纸托盘(蛋糕店有)统一购买可优惠30-40%，另满50台每最高档烘4分钟，测量重量台再-50元；满100台，每台-100元再放入用最高档烘1分钟，取出称重重复进行(即1分种烘、测)直至重量不变最后重量/100g即为干物质含量用磁盘需减去盘的重量芬兰芬牧公司中国总代理：特雷首邦（北京）贸易有限公司63345789+13910063332INSERTSENSITIVITYCLASSIFICATIONHERE 全株玉米水分的测定Koster干燥器Drier，100克粉碎样品30分钟注意仪器所测得的样品水分与绝干样品之间还有2-4%的滞留水分含量差异。实验室烘箱55度隔夜，INSERTSENSITIVITYCLASSIFICATIONHERE 产后产前奶牛日粮配方营养成分典型关键值DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL20 2014年威斯康辛大学实验配方UWTrial揉丝青籽粒破籽粒破碎加贮碎干草主要成分%DMBMR揉丝青贮玉米45BMRKP青贮玉米4535干草10苜蓿青贮101010玉米粉14.214.217.7干玉米麸皮11.111.19.6豆粕，压榨554.2豆粕，油浸8.88.87.7配方养分%DMNDF323232粗饲料NDF242424蛋白171717淀粉252525脂肪555DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL21 美国科学院(NRC)荷斯坦奶牛蛋白推荐饲喂标准DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL22 纽约州7个牧场高产奶牛的日粮配方ItemDABFLJHCows奶牛头数9201550108100454560Milk,产奶量kg53404039393627MUN,mg/dl尿素氮8111298-98-99日粮蛋白CP,%15.915.915.51615.615.616.5微生物蛋白MP3306262527203016241923051991g/cow赖蛋比Lys:Meth2.5:13.4:13.18:13.5:13.3:13.3:13.16:1中洗纤维NDF,%30.928.930.831.529.329.330.5非纤维糖水化合41.543.441.938.144.441.340物NFC,%淀粉Starch,%28.728.527.12429.528.626.3糖Sugar,%5.43.53.13.34.13.77脂肪Fat,%5.14.33.85.245.15.4日粮粗饲料比例Forage%of605760.457595950rationDM粗饲料中青贮玉6880724738560米比例DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL23 DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL24 高饲料摄入提高牛奶产量…采食量主要受以下影响：Feedintakedrivesmilkproduction….andintakeisprimarilyinfluencedby:1)饲料纤维浓度（中性洗涤纤维–量）Foragefiberconcentrations(NDF-quantity)2)饲料中性洗涤纤维消化特性ForageNDFdigestioncharacteristics易破碎性fragility填饱效果filling-effect消化率（中性洗涤纤维消化率）digestibility(NDFD)3)日粮发酵程度（特别是淀粉）Dietfermentability(particularlystarch)4)脂肪数量/类型Type/amountoffatSource:MikeAllen,March,2011.WesternDairyManagementConferencepresentationDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL25 全混合日粮配方中的关键值（一般状况和理想状况)Assuminganormal,Atmaximumtopdress,whereconservativebaselineshouldthenutrientspecsofTMRhasthefollowingthetotalrationbe?nutrientspecs:不低于Minimum30%NDF30to32%中洗NDF淀粉最高Starchmaximum25%淀粉starchof27%17.3to17.5%蛋白蛋白最高CrudeproteinatCPmaximum18.5%粗饲料比例超过53%Foragepercentover53%DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL26 国内某牧场的青贮样品营养值与美国的差距乳酸lactic酸性洗中性洗粗脂肪acid(%氨态氮(%干物质涤纤维涤纤维N淀粉St糖分sCrude全株消化率挥发性脂肪乙酸acetic丁酸butyric总可消化DMADFDFarchugarfatDigestibilitypH酸FM)acid(%FM)acid(%FM)养分)TMADFNDFStärkeSugarXLElospHMSFMESFMBSFMNH3N%TN29.923.648.821.42.82.768.93.91.30.60.09.732.022.347.821.22.42.568.84.01.10.50.012.330.523.449.120.23.32.568.13.91.10.50.011.727.724.147.817.63.52.568.43.81.50.60.114.628.024.147.817.23.32.568.13.91.40.60.114.7平均值标准差干物质35.48.3NDF41.17.0NDFd(30H)544.6NDFd(24H)47.75.2ADF245.0淀粉31.110.2糖分42.62012CornSilageSummaryStatistics,31412样品fromDairylandLab–Arcadia,WisconsinDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL27 干物质粗蛋白粗脂肪粗纤维消化能综合净能(%)(%)(%)(%)(MJ/kg)(MJ/kg)全株玉米22.7%7.0%2.6%30.4%9.904.40秸秆青贮25.0%5.6%1.2%35.6%6.782.44玉米粒88.4%9.7%4.4%2.3%16.369.12中国的奶牛饲料原料营养标准DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL28 BillMahanna,Ph.D.,DiplACAN杜邦先锋全球营养科学经理GlobalNutritionalSciencesManagerDuPontPioneerbill.mahanna@pioneer.com515.229.3409 美国奶牛场2014年青贮状况调查三个州69个牧场76个样品46/76使用了籽粒揉碎，5/76使用籽粒破碎压辊72/76使用青贮窖/青贮堆,4/76使用袋装青贮品种:31/76使用粮饲通用19/76使用青贮专用11/76使用BMR褐色叶中脉品种11/76使用混合品种63/69使用了青贮接种剂DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL30 奶牛饲喂效率的提高——料奶比29.8KG36.2KG21.9KG22.9KGDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL31 奶牛饲料添加剂的使用DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL32 •Astrongtrendtowardsmoredrive-overpilesTopprotectedbyTopprotectedbyoxygenbarrierfilmoxygenbarrierfilmNewtechnologieslikeL.buchneriinoculants,oxygen-barrierfilmandfacersmakepilesaviable,FaceprotectedwithFaceprotectedwithflexiblemethodofpreservingsilage.L.buchneriSilageInoculantsL.buchneriSilageInoculantsIRcameratechnologyprovesthebenefitsofthesemanagementpractices. 先锋先牧1166乳酸发酵添加剂投入1元，回报7元通过乳酸菌酶活动作用可以实现高于作物收获时的营养价值2通过特定乳酸菌菌种3大幅减少开窖饲喂损失1先牧1166对照controlDUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL34 先锋品牌DUPONTPIONEERCONFIDENTIAL35 谢谢聆听，合作创新用先锋世界经验服务中国奶农!Thankyou……