大尺寸检测机结构设计与误差分析研究

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1、摘要在大尺寸零件的测量方面，常用的量具有：大型卡尺、大型干分尺和大型千分杆。这类量具体积较大、笨重、操作不方便，测量精度在很大程度上依赖工人的技术水平，精度不稳定，很难保证大型零件的精度要求。采用大型坐标测量机测量，只能是离线检测；采用激光双频干涉仪测量，主要用于计量室标定或抽检，效率不高；采用激光全站仪或经纬仪交会测量，成本昂贵，要求较大测量空间。由于大型零件的测量环境复杂，人工测量操作不可靠等因素的影响，采用非接触光电测量技术是大尺寸零件的测量发展主要方向。随着光电检测技术的日趋成熟，单元技术如高速CCD图像采集技术、图像识别技术在工业现场的普遍

2、应用，使实时在线大尺寸光电测量成为可能，这样既可提高检测率，避免产品报废，同时可降低工人劳动强度、使测量结果更准确。本文以铁塔构件为检测对象，以实现在线自动检测为目的，构建了实现铁塔构件光电自动检测系统框架，研究了大尺寸检测机基础构件误差；大尺寸检测机各运动部件误差传递规律分析；误差补偿原理及方法；并进行了大尺寸检测机结构方案设计及虚拟样机设计。通过上述内容的研究为大尺寸检测机的研制与开发奠定了理论和技术基础。关键词：大尺寸测量结构设计误差分析误差补偿ABSTRACTIntheaspectoflargesizecomponents’measuring

3、，thecommonlyusedmeasuringinstrumentincludes：Large—scaleCaliper,large—scalemicrometerandlarge—scalemicro·poles．Thiskindofmeasuringinstrumentvolumeisbig，unwieldyandtheoperationnottobeconvenient，toagreatextent，themeasuringaccuracyreliesonworker’Stechnicallevel，theprecisionisunstab

4、le．So，ifwewanttoguaranteetheaccuracyrequirementofthelarge-scaleisverydifficult．Usesthelarge-scalecoordinatemeasuring，canonlyexaminationoff-line；Usesthelaserdual-frequencyinterferometermeasurement，mainlyusesinthemeasuringroomdemarcationorthespot-check，theefficiencyisnothigh；Uses

5、thelasertotalstationsorthetheodolitemeasuring，thecostisexpensive，needslargemeasuringspace．Asaresultofthelarge-scalecomponents’measuringenvironmentcomplex，theworkersmeasuringoperationnotreliablyandSOonfactorinfluences，usesthenon—contactelectro—opticmeasuringtechniqueisthemaindev

6、elopmentdirectionofthelargesizecomponentsmeasuring．Alongwithelectro-opticalexaminationtechnologydaybydaymature，theunittechnologyintheindustryscene’Suniversalapplication，forexample，highspeedCCDimagegatheringtechnology,thepatternrecognitiontechnology,makethereal--timeonlinelarges

7、izeelectro··optictomeasuringintopossibly,Inthiswaycouldenhancethemeasuringrate，avoidstheabandonmentproduct，simultaneouslymayreducetheworkerlaborintensity,makethemeasurementresulttobemoreaccurate．Thisarticletaketheirontowercomponentasthemeasuringobject，takerealizestheonlineautom

8、aticdetectionaspurpose，constructedthesystemframewhichc