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1、传染病学同济大学附属东方医院感染科李杨总论传染：communication传染病：communicableDiseasesTwoconcepts感染病InfectiousDiseases感染Infection传染病CommunicableDiseases（ContagiousDiseases）传染CommunicationCommunicablediseasesbelongstoinfectiousdiseases,butitdoesn‘tmeanthatallcommunicablediseasesarein
2、fectiousdiseasesExamples:CommunicableandInfectiousDiseases（传染病和感染病）noncommunicableinfectiousdiseases（非传染性感染病）Fifty-twomillionspeopledieeachyearintheworld，32.7%ofwhich，about17millionspeopledieofinfectiousdiseases。概论WHOReports：Theoutbreakof“Spanishflu”in1918ca
3、useddeathof40millionspeopleallovertheworld.I、In1674,Mr.Leeuwenhoek（列文虎克）Observedmicroorganismsbyhomemademicroscope.Itwasthefirsttimethathumanseteyesonmicroorganisms.II.In1796,Jenner,AnEnglishcountrydoctor,inoculatedcowpoxvaccinia（牛痘）fora8yearsoldboy,cowpoxva
4、cciniawasinventedsincethatandhumanareimmunefromsmallpox.Todaysmallpoxhasbeenthefirstinfectiousdiseaseeradicatedbyhumanthroughvaccination.III.In1882,Koch（科赫）,aGermanbacteriologistdiscoveredtuberclebacillus.PasteurandKochestablishedthebaseofmicrobiologytogethe
5、r.Nobelprizewinnerofphysiologyandmedicine,1905RobertKochIV.In1928,Fleming（费列明）,adoctorfromScotland,discoveredpenicillin,sincethenanewage----antibioticsagewasinitiated.Nobelprizewinnerofphysiologyandmedicine,1945SirAlexanderFlemingIn1988,WHObroughtforwardtoel
6、iminatepoliomyelitis（脊髓灰质炎）on31-12-2000（postponedto2005）.Indevelopingcountries，abouthalfofthedeadpersonsareduetoinfectiousdiseases。Eachhour，about1500peopledieofinfectiousdiseases，mostofcasesoccurindevelopingcountries。近年来人的死因顺位发生了由传染病为主转向以心、脑血管病、肿瘤等为主的重大变化。Th
7、eprevalenceofInfectiousDiseasesRe-emergenceofClassicalInfectiousDiseasesTuberculosisViralhepatitisSexuallytransmitteddiseasesOthersWNV,RabiesEachyear,2millionspeopledieofTBEachyear,7~8millionsareinfectedwithTBNewInfectiousDiseasesareEmergingUnceasinglyAccord
8、ingtothereportsissuedbyWHO,morethan30newinfectiousdiseaseswerediscoveredinrecent30years,whicharecalled“emerginginfectiousdiseases”。表11973年以来新发现的部分传染病年代微生物疾病1973轮状病毒世界范围婴儿腹泻的主要病因1975细小病毒B195号病，慢性
