专业四级语法冲刺

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1、专业级四语法冲刺V.非谓语动词i.不定式和动名词的区别动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smokingisprohibitedhere.(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.(具体)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbingmountainsisinteresting．爬山很有趣。(经验)Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.(经验)Tostudyabro

2、adhaslongbeenmydream.(一件尚未完成的事情)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。ii.谓语动词还是非谓语动词对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：Allthings___b

3、ecauseofthesnowstorm，manypassengerscoulddonothingbuttakethetrain.A.hadbeencanceledB.havebeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceledAtlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand________downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat

4、Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest_______inayear.A.followsB.willfollowC.tofollowD.beingfollowedIfthebuildingproject________bytheendofthismonthisdelayed,theconstructioncompanywillbefined.A.beingcompletedB.iscompletedC.tobecompletedD.completedNoonehadtoldSmithabout__

5、________alecturethefollowingday.A.therebeingB.therebeC.therewouldbeD.therewasJack____fromhomefortwodaysnow,andIambeginningtoworryabouthissafety.A.hasbeenmissingB.hasbeenmissedC.hadbeenmissingD.wasmissed独立结构分词独立结构：一般分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应是句子的主语，但有时分词的逻辑主语是其它的名/代词，n./pro

6、n.+分词的结构就是独立(主格)结构。Anewtechnique____,theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20%.Answer:havingbeenworkedout.独立结构：(不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不同)该结构在句中一般作说明情况的状语。Theplanwasthatthecontendingpartiesshouldreachanearlyagreementonbasicprinciples,thedetailstobeworkedoutlater.1.结构：(with)+n./pron

7、.+doing(done,adj.,prep.phrase)Withyoustandingthere,wecan’twork.Theboysreturnedwiththeirfacecoveredwithsweat.with/without引导的独立结构，有时有分词，有时无分词，但可看作省略了分词being.Shelefttheroomwiththecandleburningonthetable.Hewanderedinwithoutshoesorsockson.2.结构：S1,S2.(S1和S2的主语不一致)Weat

8、herpermitting(Ifweatherpermits),we’llplaybasketballtomorrow.Thisdone(Whenthishadbeendone),theypackedtheirtoolsandwenthome.Therainhavingstopped(Aftertherainhadstopped)