global warming

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1、GlobalwarmingMeansurfacetemperatureanomaliesduringtheperiod1995to2004withrespecttotheaveragetemperaturesfrom1940to1980GlobalwarmingistheincreaseintheaveragetemperatureoftheEarth'snear-surfaceairandoceanssincethemid-20thcenturyanditsprojectedcontinuation.Globalsurfacetemperatureincreased0.74±0.

2、18 °C(1.33±0.32 °F)duringthe100yearsendingin2005.[1][2]TheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)concludesthatmostofthetemperatureincreasesincethemid-twentiethcenturyis"verylikely"duetotheincreaseinanthropogenicgreenhousegasconcentrations.[3][2]Naturalphenomenasuchassolarvariationandvolcan

3、oesprobablyhadasmallwarmingeffectfrompre-industrialtimesto1950andasmallcoolingeffectfrom1950onward.[4][5]Thesebasicconclusionshavebeenendorsedbyatleast30scientificsocietiesandacademiesofscience,[6]includingallofthenationalacademiesofscienceofthemajorindustrializedcountries.[7][8][9]Whileindivi

4、dualscientistshavevoiceddisagreementwiththesefindings,[10]theoverwhelmingmajorityofscientistsworkingonclimatechangeagreewiththeIPCC'smainconclusions.[11][12]Climatemodelprojectionsindicatethatglobalsurfacetemperaturewilllikelyriseafurther1.1to6.4 °C(2.0to11.5 °F)duringthetwenty-firstcentury.[3

5、]Theuncertaintyinthisestimatecomesaboutfromdifferingestimatesoffuturegreenhousegasemissionsandfromtheuseofmodelswithdifferingclimatesensitivity.Anotheruncertaintyishowwarmingandrelatedchangeswillvaryfromregiontoregionaroundtheglobe.Althoughmoststudiesfocusontheperiodupto2100,warmingisexpectedt

6、ocontinueformorethanathousandyearsevenifgreenhousegaslevelsarestabilized.Thisresultsfromthelargeheatcapacityoftheoceans.[3]Increasingglobaltemperaturewillcausesealevelstoriseandwillchangetheamountandpatternofprecipitation,likelyincludinganexpanseofthesubtropicaldesertregions.[13]Otherlikelyeff

7、ectsincludeincreasesintheintensityofextremeweatherevents,changesinagriculturalyields,modificationsoftraderoutes,glacierretreat,speciesextinctionsandincreasesintherangesofdiseasevectors.MostnationalgovernmentshavesignedandratifiedtheKyot