景德镇陶瓷学院机械原理

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1、MechanismsandMachineTheory机械原理Chapter1Introduction1.1StudyObject(对象)MechanismsandMachineTheoryMachine(机器)Mechanism(机构)Studystructureofinternalcombustionengine(内燃机)first.1.Cylinder缸体orFrame机架2.Piston活塞3.Coupler连杆4.Crank曲柄4’.Pinion小齿轮4”.Flywheel飞轮5.Gear大齿轮5’.Inletcam进气凸轮5”.O

2、utletcam排气凸轮6.Inletvalve进气阀7.Outletvalve排气阀Slider-crankmechanism曲柄滑块机构能实现预期的机械运动的系统，并可用来完成有用的机械功或转换机械能。Gearmechanism齿轮机构Cammechanism凸轮机构Thisisastructuralblockdiagram(结构框图)ofinternalcombustionengine（内燃机）Machineelement(零件)isabasicelement（元素）ofmanufacture（制造）,e.g.couplerbody,

3、big-endcover,nuts（螺母）,bolts（螺栓）etc..Link(构件)isabasicelementinkinematicanalysis(运动分析).Itmaybearigid(刚性的)structureofsomemachineelements.Forexample,coupleristherigidassembly(装配体)ofthecouplerbody,big-endcover,nuts,andbolts.Thecrank4,thepinion4,theflywheel4,andthekeys(键),form

4、anotherlink.Thegear5,thecamshaft(轴)(includingthetwocams5’and5”),andthekeyformathirdlink.Inthestudyofkinematics(运动学),weareconcernedonlywiththemotionoflinks(构件),notofindividual(单个)machineelements(零件).Mechanism(机构)isasystemoflinks(构件)whichcantransform(转换)ortransmit(传递)forcean

5、dmotion.Slider-crankGearCammechanismmechanismmechanism曲柄滑块机构齿轮机构凸轮机构Thefunctionofthegearmechanismistochangethedirectionandspeedofrotation.Thefunctionoftheslider-crankmechanismistotransformthereciprocation(往复移动)ofthepiston2intotherotationofthecrank4.Mechanism(机构)isabasicsys

6、temoflinks(构件)whichcantransform(转换)ortransmit(传递)forceandmotion.Thefunctionofthecammechanismistotransformthecontinuousrotationofthecamintoaregularreciprocationofthefollower.Manypracticalmachinescontainmorethanonemechanismwhilemanysimplemachinesarecomposed(组成)ofonlyonebasic

7、mechanism.Thetermmachinery(机械)isusedtocoverbothmechanismsandmachines.Machine(机器)isamechanicalsystemwhichcantransmitortransformenergy,materialsorinformation.Thestudyobjectofthisbookismachinery.一般认为机器的研究重点是机械功和机械能的问题；而机构的研究重点是在其结构、运动和力作用等基本方面。（1）人为的实物的组合体。（2）各构件之间都具有确定的相对运

8、动。（3）能够完成有用的机械功或转换机械能。凡同时具备以上3个特征的实物组合体就称为机器。机构具有机器的前两个特征。从结构和运动的观点来看，两者之间并无区别。因此，常用“机械”一