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1、317THETHIRDGENERATIONOFANARRIVISTEFAMILY:WILLIAMCECIL,SECONDEARLOFSALISBURY,ANDTHECONSOLIDATIONOFNOBLESTATUSINUNPROPITIOUSANDTUMULTUOUSTIMES.I,WilliamPeterBird,herebydeclarethatthisthesisandtheworkpresentedinitisentirelymyown.AThesissubmittedintheFacultyofHistoryfortheDegreeofDoctorof
2、Philosophy.RoyalHollowayCollege,UniversityofLondon.317TheThirdGenerationofanarrivistefamily:WilliamCecil,SecondEarlofSalisbury,andtheconsolidationofnoblestatusinunpropitiousandtumultuoustimes.W.P.BirdThisPhDdissertationisabiographicalstudyofthelifeandpoliticalcareerofthesecondearlofSa
3、lisbury(1591-1668).Itexamineshisearlylifeandthepreparationforthearistocraticrolehewouldbeexpectedtoplay.ItlooksattheearlyinfluencesheexperiencedinhishighlypoliticisedhomeandalsofromPembroke,Raleigh,Harrington,Buckingham,aswellasinthecourtsofKingJamesandPrinceHenry.Thesecondandthirdcha
4、ptersdiscusshowhedealtwiththedeathsofhisfatherandPrinceHenry,whichcameatacrucialpointinhislife.Hehadtofinishthefirstearl’sbuildingprogrammeandsettlethedebtsthathadbeenincurredbyhim.Thesechaptersalsolookatthecarehegavehisfamilyandstaff;therationalisationofhisinheritance;andhissuccessin
5、passingonalargepatrimonytohisfamily.Thefinalfourchaptersdealwithhislongpoliticalcareer.TheylookatthedifficultieshefacedtogetaCourtappointment,theproblemsheexperiencedwithBuckinghamandthetroubleshemetlaterwithKingCharles’spersonalruleandhisanti-Calvinistpolicies.Hewasaloyalcourtier,who
6、alsoservedasacompetentLordLieutenantforthirtyyearsandaPrivyCounsellorforfifteen.Despitethishedisplayedanindependentstreakandwaspreparedtostandhisgroundwhentheoccasiondemanded,althoughhewascautiousenoughtobepragmaticwherehissovereignwasinvolvedanddidnotriskpoliticalsuicide.Hecouldnotbe
7、countedasafrontrankpoliticalleader,buthewasable,becausehedidnotallowhimselftobeidentifiedwithanyfaction,toinfluencethoselordswhooccupiedthemiddleground.Inthefraughtyearsof1641-2hetriedtobringthekingandParliamenttogether,evenriskinghisinheritancebygoingtoYorkcontrarytoaLords’order.When
8、civil
