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1、LessonSixSpringsAspringisaconcentrateddischargeofgroundwaterappearingatthegroudsurfaceasacurrentofflowingwater.Tobedistinguishedfromseepageareas,whichindicateaslowermovementofgroundwatertothegroundsurface(1).Waterinseepageareasmaypondandevaporateorflow
2、,dependinguponthemagnitudeoftheseepage,theclimate,andthetopography.Springsoccurinmanyforms,andhavebeenclassifiedastocause,rockstructure,discharge,temperatrue,andvariability.Bryandividedallspringsinto(a)thoseresultingfromnongravitationalforcesand(b)thos
3、eresultingfromgravitationalforces.Undertheformercategoryareincludevolcanicsprings,associatedwithvolcanicrocks,andfissuresprings,resultingfromfracturesextendingtogreatdepthsintheearth’scrust(2).Suchspringsareusuallythermalinthattheirwatertemperatureexce
4、edsthatofthenormallocalgroundwater(3).Ofthegravitysprings,whichresultfromwaterflowingunderhydrostaticpressure,thefollowingtypesarerecognized(4):depressionsprings—formedwherethelandsurfaceintersectsthewatertable(5);contactsprings—createdbyapermeablewate
5、rbearingformationoverlyingalesspermeableformationwhichintersectsthegroundsurface(6);artesiansprings—resultingfromreleasesofwaterunderpressurefromconfinedaquiferseitheratanoutcrpooftheaquiferorthroughanopeningintheconfiningbed;andtubularorfracturespring
6、s—issuingfromroundedchannels,suchaslavatubesorsolutionchannels,orfracuresinimpermeablerockconnectingwithagroundwatersupply.词汇concentrated/KOnsentreitid/a.集中的appear/E'PiE/vi.出现，出露current/'kVREnt/n.流，水流flowing/'FlouiN/a.流动的distinguish/dis'tiNgwiS/vt.,vi.
7、区别，辨别seepage/'si:pidZ/n.渗出，渗流pond/pOnd/n.池塘；vt.,vi.堵水成池magnitude/'mQgnitju:d/n.量，数量，大小topography/tE'POGREFi/n.地形，地势classify/'KLQsifai/vt.把…分类cause/kO:z/n.原因，起因；vt.是发生,引起structure/'strVktSE/n.构造，结构temperature/'temp(E)ritSE/n.湿度variability/;vCERIE'Biliti
8、/n.变化性Bryan/'braiEn/人名（布莱恩）divide/di;vaid/vt.分，划分nongravitational/'nVngrQvi'teiSEnl/a.f非重力的gravitational/;grQvi'teiSEnl/a.重力的former/'fO:ME/n.前者category/'kQtigEri/n.种类，范畴volcanic/vOL'KQnik/a.火山的associated/E'souSieitid/a.关联的，有关的；半生的，共生的fi
