unit 1 advertising 4 同步练习

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1、Unit1Advertising4同步练习Ⅰ.阅读理解ATworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwaytoinfluencebehavior.Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkinasystembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStatesdidthestudy.Theyhadabout200

2、collegestudentsplayagameknownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetensionbetweentheinterestsofanindividualandagroup.Thestudentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthegroup，sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsorewardorpunish

3、eachoftheotherthreeplayers，atacosttothepunisher.HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorprovedtobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabouttwiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.Andthemoreagrouppunisheditself，

4、theloweritsearnings.Thegroupwiththemostpunishmentearned25%lessthanthegroupwiththeleastpunishment.Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.Researchersusedintelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethan800childrenwereagestwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethan700c

5、hildrenwereage’sfivetonine.Thetwogroupswereretestedfouryearslater，andthestudycomparedtheresultswiththefirsttest.Bothgroupscontainedchildrenwhoseparentsusedphysicalpunishmentandchildrenwhoseparentsdidnot.ThestudysaystheIQs—orintelligencequotients—ofthe

6、youngerchildrenwhowerenotspankedwerefivepointshigherthanthosewhowere.Intheoldergroup，thedifferencewasalmostthreepoints.MurrayStraussfromtheUniversityofNewHampshirehaswrittenextensivelyaboutphysicalpunishmentofchildren.Hesaysthemoretheyarespanked，thesl

7、owertheirmentaldevelopment.HealsolookedataverageIQsinothernationsandfoundthemlowerwherespankingwasmorecommon.1．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthegamementionedinthefirstparagraph？A．Prisonersaremoreinterestedinthefirstgamethantheuniversitystudents.B．Theg

8、ameisverypopularwiththestudentsinHarvardUniversityintheUnitedStates.C．Thegameisplayedtotestwhetherpeoplearemorecooperativeonthebasisofrewards.D．Thegameisplayedinordertoencouragethestudentstocooperate.2．Theunderlinedpartinthethirdparagraphmeans