国际经济贸易

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1、Internationaleconomiccooperationisanactivityundertakenbymeansofdirecttransferandrationalre-composingofproductionfactorsamongcountries.VariousformsofinternationaleconomiccooperationmaymainlyinvolveInternationalProjectContracting,InternationalLaborServiceCooperationandIntern

2、ationalDevelopmentAssistance,InternationalLeasingandInternationalTourismetc.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istheonlyglobalinternationalorganizationdealingwiththerulesoftradebetweennations.AtitsheartaretheWTOagreements,negotiatedandsignedbythebulkoftheworld’stradingnationsan

3、dratifiedintheirparliaments.Thegoalistohelpproducersofgoodsandservices,exporters,andimportersconducttheirbusiness.WTOaimprovisions宗旨Recognizingthattheirrelationsinthefieldoftradeandeconomicendeavorshouldbeconductedwithaviewtoraisingstandardsofliving,ensuringfullemploymenta

4、ndalargeandsteadilygrowingvolumeofrealincomeandeffectivedemand,andexpandingtheproductionoftradeingoodsandservices,whileallowingfortheoptionaluseoftheworld’sresourcesinaccordancewiththeobjectiveofsustainabledevelopment,seekingbothtoprotectandreservetheenvironmentandtoenhanc

5、ethemeansfordoingsoinamannerconsistentwiththeirrespectiveneedsandconcernsatdifferentlevelsofeconomicdevelopment.WTOessentialfunctionsare: ----administeringandimplementingthemultilateralandplural-lateraltradeagreementswhichtogethermakeuptheWTO;---actingasaforumformultilater

6、altradenegotiations;---seekingtoresolvetradedisputes;---overseeingnationaltradepolicies;and---cooperatingwithotherinternationalinstitutionsinvolvedinglobaleconomicpolicy-making.Principlesofthetradingsystem1.Tradewithoutdiscrimination非歧视贸易原则⑴Most-favoured-nation(MFN):treati

7、ngotherpeopleequally 最惠国待遇（原则）     UndertheWTOagreements,countriescannotnormallydiscriminatebetweentheirtradingpartners.Grantsomeoneaspecialfavour(suchasalowercustomsdutyrateforoneoftheirproducts)andyouhavetodothesameforallotherWTOmembers.⑵Nationaltreatment:Treatingforeign

8、ersandlocalsequally国民待遇（原则） Importedandlocally-producedgoodsshouldbetreatedequally—atleas