外文翻译----生物能源与清洁发展机制在新兴市场的碳信用额-其他专业

《外文翻译----生物能源与清洁发展机制在新兴市场的碳信用额-其他专业》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、BIOENERGYANDTHECDMINTHEEMERGINGMARKETFORCARBONCREDITS1.IntroductionBioenergyisoneofthemostimportantpotentialsourcesofsustainableruraldevelopmentfordevelopingcountries.Itspotentialtomitigateglobalclimatechangeopensupanumberoffundingopportunities,e.g.,throughmechanismsoftheemergingcarbonmarket.

2、TheinternationalcarbonmarketstodayemergedfromtheKyotoProtocol(KP)totheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).IntheKP,agreeduponatthethirdConferenceofthePartiestotheUNFCCC(COP-3)inthecityofKyoto(Japan)in1997,thePartiestotheConventionagreedonemissionlimitationsforgreenhousegase

3、s(GHG,a/oCO2,CH4andN2O).1TheseemissionlimitationswereonlysetforcountrieslistedintheAnnexItotheKP,comprisingallOECD(atthetimeoftheKyotoProtocol;e.g.,MexicoisnowanOECDmemberbutnotanAnnexIcountry)andanumberofCentralandEasternEuropean(CEE)countries.Withregardtodifferencesintheir1990(percapita)emi

4、ssions,differentemissiongoalsweredefinedfordifferentcountries,withsomecountriesfacingnominalemissionreductionscomparedto1990levelsandothersabletoincreasetheiremissionsbyacertainpercentage.However,formostcountriesthetargetsmeanareductioncomparedtotheir“businessasusual”emissionsin2010.Tohelpach

5、ievethesegoals,asetofso-calledflexiblemechanismswasintroducedtobringdownoverallcosts,namely,EmissionsTrading(ET),JointImplementation(JI)andtheCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM).TheCarbonmarketischaracterizedbyanumberofmajoractors.Ontheregulatoryside,theUNFCCCisinchargeofsettingtherulesrelatedtotr

6、ansactionsforcompliancewithobligationsundertheKP.TheCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)isthemechanismundertheKPdirectlyrelevantforthedevelopingworld.Itprovidesforindustrializedcountriestoinvestinemission-reducingprojectsindevelopingcountriesandtouse(partof)theresulting“certifiedemissionsreductions

7、”towardstheirowncompliancewiththeemissionlimitationtargetssetforthbytheKyotoProtocol.TheCDMhastwomainobjectives(aslaiddowninArticle12.2oftheKP):(1)toassistPartiesnotincludedinAnnexIinachievingsustainabledevelopmentandincontributingtotheultima