2018-2019年高考英语学业水平测试一轮复习阅读理解第ⅱ题专题一事实细节类题目

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1、第Ⅱ题　阅读理解专题一　事实细节类题目[命题特点]针对原文具体叙述本身设问，可以直接或间接的从文中找到答案，常以who，which，what，where等设问。[考查重点](1)直接理解题(信息可在原文中直接找到答案)。(2)语意转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。[方法技巧]1．查读法(1)速读全文，明确段落中心句，掌握大意。(2)按文章体裁、作者组材方式寻找关键信息词。(3)找到细节，认真推敲甚至计算等。2．按组材模式阅读(常见模式)(1)列举型：抓住作者所举事例。(2)时间、空间型：掌握具体的时间、地点。(3)分类

2、、例证型：掌握例证的事实细节，以便得到答案。(4)程序型：理清说明事物的顺序，从而得出答案。(5)因果分析型：理清因果关系，从而推出答案。(6)比较、对比型：通过比较，对比事实细节，找到答案。(7)留意不含阿拉伯数字，但代表时间或数量的单词。如：atdawn(黎明时)，score(20)，fortnight(14days)，century(100years)，quarter(/15minutes)，decade(10years)，aseason(3months)，week(7days)，couple(2个)，double/doubled(翻

3、倍)，multiplied(乘)，bedivided(除以)，average(平均)，sum(求和)，inall(总共)。Passage1Lastnight'smeteor(流星)showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley'smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingt

4、owatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity'slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated，”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby.“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturned

5、outtobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofighta

6、gainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs，snakes，etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark－SkyAssociation，“10

7、0millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties(伤亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly，peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans，too.Theyworrythatexp

8、osuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson'schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyon