The notional functional approach

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1、Thenotional/functionalapproachTheNotionalFunctionalApproach-basedonspeechacttheorywhichcategorizesthesocialpurposeofutteranceswithingivensettingsTheterm"notionalsyllabus"embracesanystrategyoflanguageteachingthatderivesthecontentoflearningfromaninitialanalysisofthelearner'sneedtoexpressthreediff

2、erentkindsofmeaning:Thethreedifferenttypesofmeaningthelearnerneedstoexpressare:1.Functional(i.e.thesocialpurposeoftheutterance)2.Modal(thedegreeoflikelihood)3.Conceptual-themeaningrelationsexpressedbyformswithinthesentence(categoriesofcommunicativefunction)Samplequestion:Isitatallpossibletograd

3、ealanguagecoursepurelyonnotional/functionalcriteria.Howfardoanytwoofthelanguagecoursesyouknowwhicharebasedonstructuralgradingmeetnotional/functionaldemands?Belowarethestucturesthatyougradedbefore.Whatfunctionscanyouascribetothemandinwhatorderwouldyouteachtheminafunctionallyorientedcourse.1.Tobe

4、+noun-Introductions;askingpersonalinformation2.Possessives-possession;yourname/hisname3.Prepositionsofplace-statingposition/destination4.PresentContinuous-Describingactions;statingdestinations/futurereference5.Pronounobjects-ordering/offering/naming6.Can-possibility/request/abilityknowledge.7.P

5、resentSimple+ing-Getting/givinginformation;jobs;habits;likes/dislikes8.DoyouQs-Askingforinformation:job/hobbies/likes9.PresentSimple(neg)-dislikes10.Q-word+doyou-habits/routines/timetables11.Adj/adv-describemanner12.Comparisonofadverbs-comparison13.Have/havegot-possession/description14.PresentP

6、erf-interestinpastevents/stateexperiences.D.A.Wilkins'"NotionalSyllabuses"Waysofstructuringcoursesreflectdifferentunderlyingapproachestolanguagelearning.In"NotionalSyllabuses"[Oxford1976],Wilkinsquestionedthesyntheticapproach,whichhadbeenafeatureofmanylanguagesyllabusesinthe1960sandearly1970s.S

7、yntheticlanguageteaching-someshortcomings1.Thetypicalaimistoteachanewlinguisticstructure.Methodsincludeexplanationofrules,paradigms,contextualizationindialogues,seriesofanalogoussentencesdesignedtopromoteinductivelearning.Theconte