Music, Culture and Ideas 音乐，文化与观念

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1、Music,CultureandIdeas音樂,文化與觀念Beethoven’sAnvilWilliamBenzonMusicinMindandCultureWilliamL.Benzon:認知科學家,社會與演化系統期刊TheJournalofSocialandEvolutionarySystems）之編輯委員,並著有視覺化:二次電腦革命Visualizations:TheSecondComputerRevolution,也是音樂團體「歐亞非聯盟」（AfroEurasianConnection）創始人之一。TheEvolutionofMusicalCulture直立人適應草原製造石器

2、建造shelter原始人模仿動物的叫聲Oneoftheadaptationthatfollowederectustosurviveinthesteppes.ControloverthevocalapparatusPrecursortomusic2millionyearsagoTheEvolutionofMusicalCulture舌下神經導管約30萬年前發展到目前尺寸原始人模仿動物的叫聲(以便影響動物)Oneoftheadaptationthatfollowederectustosurviveinthesteppes.ControloverthevocalapparatusPrecur

3、sortomusic2millionyearsago人類先祖透過模仿動物叫聲獲得自主控制發聲器官的能力(在發展原始語言之前)TheEvolutionofMusicalCultureMarchtomusic:Rhythmicallycoordinatedgroupmergefromvocalmimicryandassociatedactivities.ThedifferentiationoflanguagefrommusickingThreemilestone:fromapetohumanVocalmimicryTheoriginsofmusickingThedifferentiatio

4、noflanguagefrommusickingTheEvolutionofMusicalCultureGestaltSwitch1:sacredpleasureOubre’shypothesis:Thehumanmindfirstemergedwhenmusickinggaverisethegroup-synchronizedneurodynamics.Suchstatesarebothaby-productandacatalystofthecontinuingevolutionofhominidconsciousnessandculture.Musicproperandlangua

5、gewereproceededbysomethingthatneitheronenortheotherbutpartakesofbothTheEvolutionofMusicalCultureGestaltSwitch2:musicandlanguagedifferentiateThinking:on-line:brainisattendingtotheexternalworldanddirectedtoit;off-line:brainisfocusingonmattersthatarenotphysicallypresentMusicking:on-lineLanguage:off

6、-lineTheEvolutionofMusicalCultureVocalizationbecomeatriggerthatevoketheothersOn-linevoluntaryvocalizationsareusedtoreferenceandmanipulateoff-linenonvocalmentalstructure.Won-wonConversation:Assemblemeaningdecode音樂的四個時期.音樂與文明Consciousness起源於Homer與AthenianGoldenAge之間MentaltermswerescarceHardlyattri

7、butetothemindOedipustheKingwouldnothavebeenpossibleinHomer’stimeTakeplaceinmentalrealm.Aboutmentalevents,actsknowingordenial.音樂與文明Newmodesofconsciousness兒童觀念發展:後階段的心理機制將早期的物體化objectified“thumos”inIliad反應環境的內在感應Thumos給戰士力量心理物