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1、西方文化的源頭董崇選中興大學外文系教授「懂更懂」學習英文網站負責人網址：dgdel.nchu.edu.twI.何謂「文化」？《辭海》：人類社會由野蠻而至文明，其努力所得之成績，表現於各方面者，為科學、藝術、宗教、道德、法律、風俗、習慣等，其綜合体，則謂之文化。Culture:Theideas,customs,skills,arts,etc.ofagivenpeopleinagivenperiod.(Webster’sNewWorldDictionary,1985)按：文者紋也，理也，質之對。文辭、文字、道藝皆「文」「化」之工具，「文」
2、「化」之後，始見其真、其善、其美。II.何謂「西方文化」？西方有大西洋(theAtlanticOcean)大西洋兩岸有美洲、歐洲、非洲西方文化以歐美文化為主今日其他各洲皆受西方文化之入侵、影響、與支配III.西方文化的源頭：時間：c.850B.C.?與c.750B.C.?地點：地中海(theMediterraneanSea)四周民族：theGreeksandtheJews語言：Hellenic(古希腊語)，Hebrew(古閃族語)文類：mythological(神話的)，religious(宗教的)代表作：theHomericepic
3、s(荷馬的史詩)，TheBible(聖經)IV.荷馬的史詩：作品：TheIliad(伊里亞德)&TheOdyssey(奧迪賽)內容：theTrojanWar(c.1200B.C.)forIlios(Troy)orforHelenOdysseus’homewardwanderings趣事：a.TheGoldenApple:“Tothefairest”Peleus&Thetis,Eris(Discord)Hera,Athena,AphroditeZeus,Paris,Helen,Menelaus,AgamemnonTotheFairest
4、IV.荷馬的史詩：趣事：b.Achilles’Anger:Agamemnon,Chryseis,ApolloBriseis,Achilles,Patroclus,Hector,Priamc.TheEscapefromSirens:Odysseusandhismen,theSirensFillingearswithbeeswax,tyingtothemastd.TheChastePenelope:50suitors,weavingashroud,Telemachus,Odysseus’bowAchillesandPatroclusOdy
5、sseus&theSirensPenelope&herSuitorsV.聖經(TheBible)：包括：theOldTestament,theNewTestament(&theApocrypha)舊約：共39Books(篇)in6groups(類)writtenoriginallyinHebrew：History,PropheticBooks,LyricPoetryDrama,WisdomLiterature,Tales故事：Genesis:thecreationoftheworldandman,thefallofAdamandEve
6、,Noah’sflood,theTowerofBabelTowerofBabelV.聖經(TheBible)：Exodus:theescapebytheJewsfromtheirbondageinEgypt,ledbyMoses,crossingtheRedSea,wandering40yearsintheSinaiwilderness,reachingCanaan.“TheBookofJob”(drama):theproblemofevil.Satan,God,Job,theVoiceoutoftheWhirlwindtheodic
7、y(神義論)“JonahandtheWhale”(tale):JehovahwantedtheprophettopreachinNineveh.Rebelliousness&selfishness;universality&mercifulnessofGod.JobsufferingfromboilsMoses&TabletVI.二源即二元：TheHellenicTraditionTheHebraicTradition希腊的：神話的文化希伯萊的：宗教的文化MythologicalcultureReligiousculturePolyt
8、heistic多神Monotheistic單神Humanism人文主義Theism神文主義Hedonism享樂Asceticism禁慾Forthisworld今生Fortheotherworld來世Secularlife
