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1、壳牌蜡油加氢裂化工艺与运行特点摘要:本论文通过实际参与工厂装置生产学习和实践后,介绍了国内首套引进ShellGlobalSolutions技术(以下简称壳牌技术)的400万t/a加氢裂化装置的工艺流程、工艺原理及反应、技术特点和运行工况以及装置开停工、自动化控制等。该装置采用炉后混油流程、分馏系统汽提塔和稳定塔采用双再沸器设计、反应注水部分循环利用等新技术,产品收率高,能耗少。在原料密度和馏程相比设计值略小,精制和裂化催化剂平均反应温度比设计值低约20℃,反应器入口压力比设计值低0.4MPa,空速和氢油比与设计值相当的情况下,产品重石脑油、航煤和柴油中都不含烯烃,其硫含量、氮含量均小于
2、或接近设计值;产品液体总收率为98.07%,轻、重石脑油,航煤和柴油的总收率为86.12%,中馏分油收率为56.30%,气体收率仅为4.55%,化学氢耗只有2.70%。这说明催化剂有较强的脱硫、脱氮和芳烃饱和能力,对中间馏分油的选择性较高,二次裂解少。另外,产品馏程切割清晰,说明分馏部分的设计和操作合理。正常生产能耗仅为设计值的73%,且低于2007年中石化加氢裂化装置能耗的最低值(28.8/t)。关键词:加氢裂化蜡油加氢催化剂加氢反应分馏轻石脑油重石脑油ShellOilHydrocrackingProcessAndOperatingCharacteristicsAbstract:Th
3、ispaperpresentsthe4000000t/aofhydrocrackingunitprocessprincipleandreaction,technicalcharacteristicsandoperatingconditionsaswellasdevicestartupandshutdown,automaticcontrolusing.ShellGlobalSolutionsTechnology(hereinafterreferredtoastheshelltechnology)whichisfirstintroducedthroughtheprocessoftheact
4、ualparticipationoflearningandpracticeofproductionplant.Thedeviceadoptsthefurnaceaftermixedoilflow,fractionationsystemstripperandstabilizationtowerwithdoublereboilerdesign,reactioninjectionpartsrecyclingandsomeothernewtechnologies,whichcanachievedhighproductyield,lessenergyconsumption.Comparedwit
5、hthedesignvaluesitissmallerthanintherawmaterialdensityanddistillation,refiningandcrackingcatalystaveragereactiontemperatureabout20℃lowerthanthedesignvalue,whatismore,thereactorentrancepressureis0.4MPalowerthanthedesignvalue,spacevelocityandratioofhydrogentooilandthedesignvaluebelowtheconditionof
6、thesameproduct,heavynaphtha,aviationkeroseneanddieseloildoesnotcontainolefin,sulfurcontent,nitrogencontentislessthanorneartothedesignvalue;thetotalyieldofliquidproductis98.07%,andthetotalyieldoflight,heavynaphtha,aviationkeroseneanddieselis86.12%,thedistillateyieldis56.30%,whiletheyieldofgasison
7、ly4.55%,chemicalhydrogenconsumptionisonly2.70%.Thisshowsthatthecatalysthashighdesulfurization,denitrogenationandaromaticssaturationcapacity,highselectivitytomiddledistillates,andlesssecondarycracking.Inaddition,theproductran