contrastivelinguistics英汉对比研究概念

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1、Contrastivelinguistics对比语言学abranchoflinguisticswhichstudiestwoormorelanguagessynchronically,withtheaimsofdiscoveringtheirdifferencesandsimilarities(especiallytheformer)andapplyingthesefindingstorelatedareasofstudy・Particularattentionshouldbepaidtosimilarityonsurf

2、acebutdifferenceinnature.Contrastivelinguisticsisalsoknownas"contrastiveanalysis气CA)or"contrastivestudiesThesethreetermsarelargelyinterchangeable.alinguisticsystemismadeupofmanylayersorlevels・Theselayersorlevelsareoftenconsideredtoformascaleorhierarchyfromlowerle

3、velscontainingthesmallestlinguisticunitstohigherlevelscontaininglargerlinguisticunits.Sowehave,fromthelowesttothehighest,suchlevelsasphoneticlevel,phonologicallevel,morphemiclevel,lexicallevel,syntacticlevel,textuallevelandpragmaticlevel.FeaturesofthetwotypesTheo

4、reticalContrastiveStudy.Itislanguageindependent.•Itlooksforuniversalcategoriesinlanguages.AppliedContrastiveStudyItislanguagedependent.Itispartofappliedlinguistics・Themajortaskofitistoidentifyprobableareasofdifficulty.PsychologicalbaseofCAisbehaviorismwhichwasint

5、roducedbyskinnerwhichviewedfirstlanguageacquisitionastheformationofnewhabitsacquiredthroughrepetitionandstrengthenedbythereinforcementofcorrectresponses.LinguisticbaseofCAisstructurallinguisticswhichbelievedthatfirstlearningmayinterferesecondlearning.tertiumcompa

6、rationis(TC)共同对比基础/第三对比项冲间对比项TC:athirdthingrelatedinsomewaytotwothings:sth.intermediatebetweentwothings一criterionforcomparison;commonbasisonwhichcomparisoncanbemade;presupposedsimilaritybetweenlanguagesagainstwhichdifferencescanbemeaningfullystated.Asyntheticlang

7、uageis"characterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedformstoexpressgrammaticalrelationships5'人工语言Derivationgenerallybringsaboutthreetypesofchanges:changesinwordform,inpartofspeech(wordclass),andinmeaning.派生Affixation:addprefixandsuffixtoaroot附力HReduplication:

8、doublepartoforallofaroot加倍，重复Modification1）vowelchange2）suppletion（totalmodification）3）stresschange4）tonalmodification修改Affixdeletion（back-formation）:deleteasu