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1、Unit1hitthenailonthehead恰到好处Haveyoueverwatchedaclumsymanhammeringanailintoabox?Hehitsitfirsttooneside,thentoanother,perhapsknockingitovercompletely,sothatintheendheonlygetshalfofitintothewood.Askillfulcarpcontheotherhand,willdrivethenailwithafewfirm,deftblows,hittingitea
2、chtimesquarelyonthehead.Sowithlanguage;thegoodcraftsmanwillchoosewordsthatdrivehomehispointfirmlyandexactly.Awordthatismoreorlessright,aloosephrase,anambiguousexpress!on,avagueadjective（模糊的形容词）,wi11notsatisfyawriterwhoaimsatclcanEnglish.Hewilltryalwaystogetthewordthatisc
3、ompletelyrightforhispurpose.你见过-个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钊钊子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个何子蚀翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。他侮敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。语言也是如此。一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地农达H己的观点。差不多的词，不准确的短语，摸棱两可的表达，含糊不清的修饰，都无法使一位追求纯真英语的作家满意。他会一直思考，直至找到那个能准确表达他的意思的词。TheFrenchhaveanapt（贝占切的）phraseforthi
4、s.Theyspeakof“lemotjuste,”（theexactword）thewordthatisjustright.Storiesaretoldofscrupulous（一丝不苟的）writers,likeFlaubcrt，whospentdaystryingtogetoneortwosentencesexactlyright.Wordsaremanyandvarious;theyaresubtleC微妙的）anddelicateC细腻的）intheirdifferentshades（色调）ofmeaning,anditisn
5、oteasytofindtheonesthatexpressprecisely（正是，恰恰）whatwewanttosay.Itisnotonlyamatterofhavingagoodcommandoflanguagcandafairlywidevocobulary;itisalsonecessarytothinkhardandtoobserveaccurately.Choosingwordsispartoftheprocessofrealization,ofdefiningourthoughtsandfeelingsforourse
6、lves,aswellasforthosewhohearorreadourwords.Someoneonceremarked:"HowesnTknowwhatTthinktillTseewhatTsay?”thissoundsstupid,butthereisagreatdealoftruthinit.法国人有一个很贴切的短语来表达这样一个意思，即“leniotjuste”，恰到好处的词。有很多关于精益求精的作家的名人轶事，比如福楼拜常花几天的时间力求使一两个句了在表达上准确无课。在浩瀚的词海屮，词与词之间有着微妙的区别，要找到能恰如具
7、分表达我们意思的词绝非易事。这不仅仅是扎实的语言功底和相当人的词汇量的问题，还需要人们绞尽脑汁,要观察敏锐。选词是认识过程的一个步骤，也是详细描述我们的思、想感悄并表达出来使口己以及听众利读者深刻理解的一个环节。有人说：“在我思想未成文Z前，我怎么知道口己的想法？”这听起來似乎很离谱，但它确实很有道理。Itishardworkchoosingtherightwords,butweshallberewardedbythesatisfactionthatfindingthembrings.Theexactuseoflemguagegives
8、usmastcry（掌握）overthematerialwearcdealingwith.Perhapsyouhavebeenasked"Whatsortofamanisso-and-so（某某等）？”Yo
