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1、UnitThirteenBritainintheTwentiethCenturyBytheendofthe19thcenturytheEuropeansituationhadseriouslydeteriorated.Theinternationalstruggleforcolonieshaddegeneratedintoandinternationalarmsrace,andastheresult,twoworldwarsaroseinthe20thcenturyandtheBritishEmpiredeclinedintheyearsafte
2、rthewars.ConditionsinBritainbeforetheFirstWorldWarLiberalReformAtthegeneralelectionof1906theliberals,aschampionsoffreetrade,wonaclearmajorityandtheirleaderCampbell-Bannermanorganizedacapablecabinetthatincludedradicalsandliberalimperialists・Underhimandafterhisdeath,underAsquit
3、h,camethereforms:aschoolmedicalservice;asystemofold-agepensions;slum;eight-hourworkday;andtradeboardsandLabourExchange・LloycTsBudgetof1909wasrejectedbylords,becausetheLordscouldvetoanylegislationofwhichtheydisapproved.LloydwasdeterminedtocurbthepoweroftheLords・TheParliamentBi
4、llof1911woulddeprivetheLordsoftheirvetoandanycontroloffinance・Atlast,theLordssurrendered,andtheCommonsbecamevirtuallythesolelegislativebody.FurtherreformsuchastheNationalInsuranceBillwaspassed,togiverelieftothesickandunemployedpeople・CrisisatHomeTheworkingclassmovementreached
5、newheightwithawaveofstrikesbetween1911and1914.The3strikes:thegreatstrikeofrailwaymen;thecoal-minerstrike;thestrikeofthetransportworkersIn1914a“triplealliance^oftransportworkers,minersandrailwaymenwasformedtostrengthenlaboursolidarity•TherewasalsotroubleinIreland.Irelandwasont
6、hevergeofcivilwar.UnrestAbroadThecapitalistcountriesneededmoreforeignmarkets,rawmaterialsandstrategicpositions・Buttheworldhadalreadybeenpartitionedamongtheoldcolonialcountries.Thestrugglebetweenrepartitionandanti-repartitionbecamefierce・Theinternationalstruggleforcoloniesdege
7、neratedintoaninternationalarmsrace,andthegreatpowersofEuropeweresplitintotworivalcamps:theTripleAllianceofGermany,Austria-HungaryandItaly.AndtheDualAllianceofFranceandRussia,andlater,BritainjoineditformingtheTripleEntente・BritainintheFirstWorldWarTheOutbreakofWorldWarIItbroke
8、outinJuly1914.WhenFrancisFerdinandwasassassinatedinSarajevoinBosniao