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大小:2.46 MB
页数:106页
时间:2019-03-20
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1、FirstEdition,2012ISBN978-81-323-3722-5©Allrightsreserved.Publishedby:UniversityPublications4735/22PrakashdeepBldg,AnsariRoad,DaryaGanj,Delhi-110002Email:info@wtbooks.comTableofContentsChapter1-CentrifugationChapter2-CrystallizationChapter3-Crystallization(engineeringaspect
2、s)Chapter4-ChromatographyChapter5-Size-ExclusionChromatographyChapter6-IonandAffinityChromatographyChapter7-Liquid-LiquidExtractionChapter8-SolidPhaseExtractionChapter9-PlugFlowReactorModelChapter10-ArtificialMembraneChapter11-GasChromatographyChapter-1CentrifugationCentri
3、fugationisaprocessthatinvolvestheuseofthecentrifugalforcefortheseparationofmixtureswithacentrifuge,usedinindustryandinlaboratorysettings.More-densecomponentsofthemixturemigrateawayfromtheaxisofthecentrifuge,whileless-densecomponentsofthemixturemigratetowardstheaxis.Chemist
4、sandbiologistsmayincreasetheeffectivegravitationalforceonatesttubesoastomorerapidlyandcompletelycausetheprecipitate("pellet")togatheronthebottomofthetube.Theremainingsolutionisproperlycalledthe"supernate"or"supernatantliquid".Thesupernatantliquidistheneitherquicklydecanted
5、fromthetubewithoutdisturbingtheprecipitate,orwithdrawnwithaPasteurpipette.Therateofcentrifugationisspecifiedbytheaccelerationappliedtothesample,typicallymeasuredinrevolutionsperminute(RPM)org.Theparticles'settlingvelocityincentrifugationisafunctionoftheirsizeandshape,centr
6、ifugalacceleration,thevolumefractionofsolidspresent,thedensitydifferencebetweentheparticleandtheliquid,andtheviscosity.Inthechemicalandfoodindustries,specialcentrifugescanprocessacontinuousstreamofparticle-ladenliquid.Centrifugationisthemostcommonmethodusedforuraniumenrich
7、ment,relyingontheslightmassdifferencebetweenatomsofU238andU235inuraniumhexafluoridegas.CentrifugationinbiotechnologyMicrocentrifugesandsuperspeedcentrifugesInmicrocentrifugation,centrifugesareruninbatchtoisolatesmallvolumesofbiologicalmoleculesorcells(prokaryoticandeukaryo
8、tic).Nucleiisalsooftenpurifiedviamicrocentrifugation.Microcentrifugetubesgenerallyhold1.5
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