资源描述：
《2.The properties of petroleum and products2009.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、Charpter2.ThepropertiesofpetroleumandproductsCONTENTnConditionalDensity,Specificgravity,nAveragemolecularweight,characteristicfactor(k)nViscositynCriticalpropertiesnThermalpropertiesnOthersSignificance•Thecriterionsofoilqualityevaluation;•Thecontrollingparametersofprocessing；•Thebasisofeng
2、ineeringtechnicaldesign.Characteristics：•Thecomprehensiveperformancesofthevariouscompoundsintheconstituents,andarerelatedcloselytotheirchemicalconstituents；•ThepropertiesaretestedbyConditionalexperiments；•Tousewidelyoftheexperiencechartsandcorrelationformula.1.Volatility1.1Vaporpressure:nI
3、stheforceexertedonthewallsofaclosedcontainerbythevaporizedportionofaliquid.Topreventitfromfurthervaporizing.nIncreaseswithtemperatureforanygivenproduct1.1.1VPofpurehydrocarbons•Dependingonthenaturesofhydrocarbons，inthesamilartemperature,thehigherMWmoleculeshavelowerVPinthesamegroupofhydroc
4、arbons.•Tospecialpuremolecules,VPIncreaseswithtemperature.DHV-lnp=-+CRTBlnp=A-T+C1.1.2VPofmixedhydrocarbonsanddistillates•Asthetotalpressureofsystemisnotveryhigh,forthemixedhydrocarbonswithsimpleconstituents:np=åpxiii=1•Forthemixedhydrocarbons，atthedefinitetemp.,onlytheconstituentsofgas,li
5、quidphasesortotalsystemaredefinite,theVPisconstantvalue.•Fordistillates，duetotheconstituentsaredifficulttodefine,theaboveequationisnotsuitable.Forthenarrowcutdistillates,VPcouldbeobtainedbyKandaverageBP.1.2BPrangeBoilingpoint:vtemperature,at1atmvHomologousseries:BPincreasewithmolecularweig
6、ht;branchedparaffinisomershavelowerBPthanthecorrespondingnormalalkane.vThereisanincreaseinBPwithanincreaseincarbonnumber.1.2BPrange1.2.1BPofpurehydrocarbonForliquidhydrocarbons，theirBParethetempera-tureastheirVPequaltoambientpressure(AP),i.e.,BPatAP.1.2.2BPofmixedhydrocarbonsForliquidmixtu
7、re，theBPatAPisnotconstant,theheaviercompositionsareconcentratedinliquidphaseduringthegasificationprocess,andtheBPincreasecontinuously;forthesecomplicatedmixtureofdistill-ates,theBPrangeisusuallyexpresseditsvaporationandgasificationproperties，i.e.,Boilingrange.
