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1、CorrosioninPetrochemicalIndustryGroup1DongJiCorrosionAccidents•1.PollutionbyOilPipelineReleases•2.CriticalPollutionbyCorroded•3.CorrosioninthePetroleumExtractionPollutionbyOilPipelineReleases•AccordingtoanEnvironmentalDefenseFund(EDF)engineer,theaverageamount
2、ofoilreleasedfromapipelinespillin1998wasover45,000gallons.•Since1995,theoverallamountofoilreleasedtotheenvironmenthasincreasedeachyear.•Anaverageoftensofthousandsofgallonsofoilwasreleasedfrompipelinesapproximatelyeveryotherdaythroughoutthe1990s.•Corrosionisth
3、emostcommoncauseofpipelinespills.PollutionbyCorrodedPipeline•Inthewinter,2001,92,000gallonsofsaltwaterandcrudeoilontoAlaskantundrafromcorrodedpipeline.•Thespillwasapparentlycausedbycorrosionina10‐inchpipe.CorrosioninthePetroleumExtraction•Therecouldproduce300
4、toiland100,000m3nationalgasintheNo.58oilwellinHuabeiOil‐fieldbefore.•3.1%oftheoilwaswaterand42%ofnationalgaswasCO2•Butafter18months,ithadtobeclosedbecauseofthecorrosionofironpipe.CorrosionMechanisms•1.ElectrochemicalCorrosion•2.ChemicalCorrosion•3.Mechanicala
5、ndMechanical/CorrosiveEffectsElectrochemicalCorrosionCreviceCorrosionMuchmetallossinoilfieldcasingsiscausedbycrevicecorrosion.Inthecrevice,metalisincontactwithanelectrolyte,butdoesnothavereadyaccesstooxygen.ChemicalCorrosionHydrogenSulfide,PolysulfideandSulfu
6、rHydrogensulfide[HS]2whendissolvedinwater,isaweakacidand,therefore,itisasourceofhydrogenionsandiscorrosive.Thecorrosionproductsareironsulfides[FeS]xandhydrogen.ChemicalCorrosionCarbonDioxideLikeHS,carbondioxide[CO]isaweaklyacidic22gasandbecomescorrosivewhendi
7、ssolvedinwater.However,COmusthydratetocarbonic2acid[HCO]—arelativelyslowProcess—before23itbecomesacidic.Thecorrosionproductisironcarbonate(siderite)scale.CO+HO+Fe→FeCO+H2232ChemicalCorrosionStrongAcidsStrongacidsdirectlychemicalattacktotheequipment.Strongacid
8、sareoftenpumpedintothewellstostimulateproductionbyincreasingformationpermeabilityinthenearwellboreregion.Forlimestoneformations,5to28%hydrochloric[HCl]acidiscommonlyused.ChemicalCorrosion
