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1、--------------------------------------------精品文档Word可编辑值得收藏------------------------------------------------LanguageStandards：AnInternationalPerspective，PartLanguageStandards：AnInternationalPerspective，Part1byPennyMcKay,PaoloCoppari,AlisterCumming,Kathl
2、eenGraves,LucillaLopriore,andDeborahShortEditor’snote:Part1ofthisdiscussionintroducesstandards,thereasonsfortheirdevelopment,andthewaytheyaredeveloped,basedontheexperienceofthefivecolloquiumpresenters.Part2,inthenextissueofTM,willlookatsuccessesandchal
3、lengesinimplementingstandardsandassessingtheirimpact.Languagestandards(alsocalledbenchmarks,bandscales,orcurriculumframeworks)havebeendevelopedaroundtheworldtobothguideandmeasurelanguagelearning.ThisarticlegrewoutofacolloquiumorganizedbyKathleenGravesa
4、tthe34thAnnualTESOLconferenceinVancouver,Canada,inMarch2000.PennyMcKayfromAustralia,PaoloCoppariandLucillaLopriorefromItaly,AlisterCummingfromCanada,andDeborahShortfromtheUnitedStatesdescribedexamplesoflanguagestandardsforsecondary-levelstudentsfromthe
5、ircountries,and7----------------------------------------------------精品文档值得收藏-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------精品文档Word可编辑值得收藏------------------------------------------------discussedi
6、ssuesunderlyingtheconceptualization,construction,anduseofthesestandards.WhyAreLanguageStandardsDeveloped?Languagestandardsprovideacomprehensivedescriptionofwhatlanguagelearnersknowandareabletodointhetargetlanguageatvariouslevelsofproficiency,atvariousg
7、radelevels,orboth.Standardshavebeendevelopedforacontinuumofreasonsrangingbroadlyfromprofessionaldevelopmentandteachingguidance(pedagogicalpurposes)tocurriculumdirectionandaccountability(administrativepurposes).Inreality,becausethereisoftenapoliticaldim
8、ensiontostandardsdevelopmentandimplementation,particularlyinthecaseofminoritylanguagelearners,thesetwopurposescombineinmoststandards.Inthedevelopmentphase,however,oneortheotherisusuallyemphasized.Languagestandardsprovideacomprehensivede
