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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译原文外文题目：Theme:MacroEconomicPolicyandReality——DeepeningRuralFinancialMarkets:Macroeconomic,PolicyandPoliticalDimensions出处：RuralFinanceProgram作者：ClaudioGonzalez-Vega原文：PoliciesforruralfinancialdeepeningAcontemporaryperspectiveacknowledgestheurgencytoadoptnewpolicies,developthenecessaryphysi
2、calandinstitutionalinfrastructure,improveanddisseminatenewfinancialtechnologies,anddesignandbuildneworganizations,whichwouldallowamoreefficient,sustainable,andbroadly-basedprovisionofruralfinancialservicesinthedevelopingworldandeconomiesintransition.Policiesrefertopublicactions–governmentanddonori
3、nterventions–neededtocreateanenvironmentconducivetoruralfinancialmarketdevelopment.Keypolicyinterventionsmayrequirerevisionsoflegalsystems(e.g.,propertyrights,borrowerandlenderrights,contractdesign,judicialenforcement),newfinancialpolicies(e.g.,interestrates,exchangerates,reserverequirements),andn
4、ewregulatoryframeworks(e.g.,entryandexitoffinancialorganizations,degreesofmarketcompetition,prudentialregulationandsupervision).Thesepolicies,legalsystems,andregulatoryframeworksarepartoftheinstitutionalinfrastructureneededfortheefficientandstableoperationofruralfinancialmarkets.Atbest,thedevelopm
5、entofthisinfrastructurehasbeenneglected;frequentlyinthepast,interventionistpoliciesactuallyrepressedfinancialmarketdevelopment.Reformsofnon-financialpoliciesthatconstraintheprofitabilityofclientbusinessesandpublicinvestmentsandthatreducetransactioncostsforallmarketparticipantsalsocontributetoanexp
6、ansionofboththedemandandthesupplyofruralfinancialservices.Thedevelopmentofsupportinginstitutionalmechanisms(e.g.,propertyregistries,creditbureausandratingagencies)isalsocriticalforruralfinancialmarketexpansion.Becausemanyofthesesupportingtoolsmaybepublicgoods,stateinterventionmaybeneededinordertoa
7、cceleratetheirprovision.Gettingprices,policiesandinstitutionsrightisanecessarybutnotasufficientconditionforruralfinancialdeepeningindevelopingcountriesandeconomiesintransition.Thisgoalwillnotbereachedunlessnew,co
