Effective Synchronization on Linux NUMA Systems.pdf

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1、05/20/05EffectiveSynchronizationonLinux/NUMASystems1EffectiveSynchronizationonLinux/NUMASystemsGelatoConference2005thMay20,2005byChristophLameter,Ph.D.christoph@lameter.com©2005SiliconGraphics,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Effectivelockingisnecessaryforsatisfactoryperformanceonla

2、rgeItaniumbasedNUMAsystems.SynchronizationofparallelexecutingstreamsonNUMAmachinesiscurrentlyrealizedintheLinuxkernelthroughavarietyofmechanismswhichincludeatomicoperations,lockingandorderingofmemoryaccesses.Varioussynchronizationmethodsmayalsobecombinedinordertoincreasep

3、erformance.ThetalkpresentstherealizationofbasicsynchronizationinLinuxonItaniumandtheninvestigatesmorecomplexlockingschemes.ThecurrentLinuxlockingmechanismsrelyheavilyonasimplespinlockimplementationthatmaybefittingforsystemsofupto8processors.However,spinlockscauseexcessive

4、cachelinebouncingifmoreprocessorsarecontendingforalock.SomeapproachesthathavesofarbeenmadetosolvethecontentionissuearepresentedanditisthensuggestedtouseanimplementationforLinuxoftheapproachfirstproposedbyZoranRadovicwhichhecalled"HierarchicalBackoffLocks".05/20/05Effectiv

5、eSynchronizationonLinux/NUMASystems2TableofContents1Introduction.......................................................................................................................32BasicAtomicity.........................................................................

6、........................................42.1Cachelines................................................................................................................52.2Atomicnatureofprocessoroperations.....................................................................

7、.62.3Utilizingoperationalatomicityforlistprocessing....................................................62.4Barriersandacquire/release....................................................................................73Atomicsemaphoreinstructions..........................

8、...............................................................93.1Compareandexchange...........