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1、ThispageintentionallyleftblankCOMPOSITEFERMIONSWhenelectronsareconfinedtotwodimensions,cooledtonearabsolutezerotemperature,andsubjectedtoastrongmagneticfield,theyformanexoticnewcollectivestateofmatter,whichrivalssuperfluidityandsuperconductivityinbothitsscop
2、eandtheeleganceofthephenomenaassociatedwithit.Investigationsintothisstatebeganinthe1980swiththeobservationsofintegralandfractionalquantumHalleffects,whichareamongthemostimportantdiscoveriesincondensedmatterphysics.ThefractionalquantumHalleffectandastreamo
3、fotherunexpectedfindingsareexplainedbyanewclassofparticles:compositefermions.Aself-containedandpedagogicalintroductiontothephysicsandexperimentalmanifestationsofcompositefermions,thistextbookisidealforgraduatestudentsandacademicresearchersinthisrapidlydeve
4、lopingfield.ThetopicscoveredincludetheintegralandfractionalquantumHalleffects,thecompositefermionFermisea,geometricobservationsofcompositefermions,variouskindsofexcitations,theroleofspin,edgestatetransport,electronsolid,andbilayerphysics.Theauthoralsodiscu
5、ssesfractionalbraidingstatisticsandfractionallocalcharge.Thistextbookcontainsnumerousexercisestoreinforcetheconceptspresentedinthebook.JainendraJainisErwinW.MuellerProfessorofPhysicsatthePennsylvaniaStateUniversity.HeisafellowoftheJohnSimonGuggenheimMemor
6、ialFoundation,theAlfredP.SloanFoundation,andtheAmericanPhysicalSociety.ProfessorJainwasco-recipientoftheOliverE.BuckleyPrizeoftheAmericanPhysicalSocietyin2002.Pre-publicationpraiseforCompositeFermions:“Everythingyoualwayswantedtoknowaboutcompositefermions
7、byitsprimaryarchitectandchampion.Muchgorgeoustheory,ofcourse,butalsoanexcellentcollectionoftherelevantexperimentaldata.Fortheinitiated,anilluminatingaccountoftherelationshipbetweenthecompositefermionmodelandothermodelsonstage.Forthenovice,alucidpresentati
8、onanddozensofvaluableexercises.”HorstStormer,ColumbiaUniversity,NYandLucentTechnologies.WinneroftheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1998fordiscoveryofanewformofquantumfluidwithfractionallychargedexcitations.COMPOSITEFERMIONSJain
