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1、11HybridMaterials,FunctionalApplications.AnIntroductionPedroGómez-RomeroandClémentSanchez1.1stFromAncientTraditionto21CenturyMaterialsIn1946,atasiteineasternChiapas(Mexico)knownasBonampak(paintedwalls)astartlingarchaeologicaldiscoverywasmade.Thisancient
2、Mayasitecontainedanimpressivecollectionoffrescopaintingscharacterizedbybrightblueandochrecolorsthathadbeenmiraculouslypreserved(Figure1.1).Aspeciallystrikingfea-tureofthesewallpaintingswaspreciselytheirvividbluehues,characteristicofwhatturnedouttobeanhi
3、thertounknownpigmentwhichcametobeknownasMayablue[1].Inadditiontoitsbeautifultones,thatseemedtospanalltheshadesoftheCarib-beanSea,themostremarkablefeatureofMayabluewasitsdurability.DespitetheunavoidabledeteriorationoftheBonampakpaintedscenes,thatparticul
4、arbluepig-menthadwithstoodmorethantwelvecenturiesofaharshjungleenvironmentthlookingalmostasfreshaswhenitwasusedinthe8century.Mayablueisindeedarobustpigment,notonlyresistingbiodegradation,butshowingalsounpreced-entedstabilitywhenexposedtoacids,alkalisand
5、organicsolvents.Onlyafterhalfacenturyfromitsarchaeologicaldiscoveryandnotwithoutscien-tificcontroversy[1]couldsophisticatedanalyticaltechniquesuncoverthesecretofMayablue.Thepigmentisnotacoppermineral,norisitrelatedtonaturalultra-marine,groundLapisLazuli
6、orLazuriteasoriginallythought.Mayablueisahybridorganic-inorganicmaterialwithmoleculesofthenaturalbluedyeknownasindigoencapsulatedwithinthechannelsofaclaymineralknownaspalygorskite[1].Itisaman-madematerialthatcombinesthecoloroftheorganicpigmentandtheresi
7、st-anceoftheinorganichost,asynergicmaterial,withpropertiesandperformancewellbeyondthoseofasimplemixtureofitscomponents.Mayablueisabeautifulexampleofaremarkablehybridmaterialandaveryoldonetobesure,butitsconceptionwasmostlikelythefruitofafortunateaccident
8、,anancientserendipitousdiscovery.Morethantwelvecenturieslater,whenadeepknowledgeofatomicandmole-cularstructureisreplacingtrialanderrortraditioninthedesignofnovelusefulFunctionalHybridMaterials.EditedbyPedroGómez-Romero,ClémentSan
