10-The Periodic Table and Some Atomic Properties.pdf

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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Contents10-1ClassifyingtheElements:ThePeriodicLawandthePeriodicTable（元素分类：周期律以及周期表）10-2MetalsandNonmetalsandTheirIons（金属、非金属及其离子）10-3TheSizesofAtomsandIons（原子、离子的大小）10-4IonizationEnergy（电离能）10-5ElectronAffinity（电子亲合能）10-6MagneticProperties（磁性）Chapter10:ThePeriodic

2、TableandSomeAtomicProperties10-7PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements（元素的周期性）第十章元素周期表和原子性质的周期性FocusonThePeriodicLawandMercurySlide1of35Slide2of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍10-1ClassifyingtheElements:ThePeriodicLaw（周期律）PeriodicLawandthePeriodicTable（元素分类：周期律以及周期表）元素的摩尔原子体积的周期性•1869,Dim

3、itriMendeleevLotherMeyerWhentheelementsarearrangedinorderofincreasingatomicmass,certainsetsofpropertiesrecurperiodically.当各元素按原子质量递增的顺序排列时，它们的某些性质出现周期性的变化Slide3of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide4of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍1Chemistry140Fall2002PredictedElementswereFoun

4、dMendeleev’sPeriodicTable（门捷列夫周期表）（预言元素的发现）1871—=44—=68—=72—=100Slide5of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide6of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍AlkaliMetalsThePeriodictableNobleGases稀有气10-2MetalsandNonmetalsandTheirIons碱金属AlkalineEarthsMainGroup主族Halogens碱土金属卤素•MetalsTransitionMe

5、tals–Goodconductorsofheatandelectricity.（热、电的优过渡金属良导体）–Malleableandductile.(延展性）–Moderatetohighmeltingpoints.（熔点中等偏高）•Nonmetals–Nonconductorsofheatandelectricity..（热、电的不良导体）–Brittlesolids.（脆的固体）–Somearegasesatroomtemperature.MainGroup主族LanthanidesandActinidesSlide7of35镧系和锕系GeneralChe

6、mistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide8of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍2Chemistry140Fall2002MetalsTendtoLoseElectronsNonmetalsTendtoGainElectronsSlide9of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide10of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍ElectronConfigurationofSomeIons10-3TheSizesofAtomsandIonsSlid

7、e11of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide12of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍3Chemistry140Fall2002AtomicRadiusScreeningandPenetrationZeff=Z–SZ2effEn=-RHn2Slide13of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide14of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍CationicRadiiAnionicRadiiSlide15of35Gen

8、eralChemistr