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时间:2019-03-14
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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Contents10-1ClassifyingtheElements:ThePeriodicLawandthePeriodicTable(元素分类:周期律以及周期表)10-2MetalsandNonmetalsandTheirIons(金属、非金属及其离子)10-3TheSizesofAtomsandIons(原子、离子的大小)10-4IonizationEnergy(电离能)10-5ElectronAffinity(电子亲合能)10-6MagneticProperties(磁性)Chapter10:ThePeriodic
2、TableandSomeAtomicProperties10-7PeriodicPropertiesoftheElements(元素的周期性)第十章元素周期表和原子性质的周期性FocusonThePeriodicLawandMercurySlide1of35Slide2of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍10-1ClassifyingtheElements:ThePeriodicLaw(周期律)PeriodicLawandthePeriodicTable(元素分类:周期律以及周期表)元素的摩尔原子体积的周期性•1869,Dim
3、itriMendeleevLotherMeyerWhentheelementsarearrangedinorderofincreasingatomicmass,certainsetsofpropertiesrecurperiodically.当各元素按原子质量递增的顺序排列时,它们的某些性质出现周期性的变化Slide3of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide4of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍1Chemistry140Fall2002PredictedElementswereFoun
4、dMendeleev’sPeriodicTable(门捷列夫周期表)(预言元素的发现)1871—=44—=68—=72—=100Slide5of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide6of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍AlkaliMetalsThePeriodictableNobleGases稀有气10-2MetalsandNonmetalsandTheirIons碱金属AlkalineEarthsMainGroup主族Halogens碱土金属卤素•MetalsTransitionMe
5、tals–Goodconductorsofheatandelectricity.(热、电的优过渡金属良导体)–Malleableandductile.(延展性)–Moderatetohighmeltingpoints.(熔点中等偏高)•Nonmetals–Nonconductorsofheatandelectricity..(热、电的不良导体)–Brittlesolids.(脆的固体)–Somearegasesatroomtemperature.MainGroup主族LanthanidesandActinidesSlide7of35镧系和锕系GeneralChe
6、mistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide8of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍2Chemistry140Fall2002MetalsTendtoLoseElectronsNonmetalsTendtoGainElectronsSlide9of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide10of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍ElectronConfigurationofSomeIons10-3TheSizesofAtomsandIonsSlid
7、e11of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide12of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍3Chemistry140Fall2002AtomicRadiusScreeningandPenetrationZeff=Z–SZ2effEn=-RHn2Slide13of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍Slide14of35GeneralChemistry:Chapter10化学化工刘巍CationicRadiiAnionicRadiiSlide15of35Gen
8、eralChemistr
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