08-The Atmospheric Gases and Hydrogen .pdf

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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Contents8-1TheAtmosphere（大气）8-2Nitrogen（氮气）8-3Oxygen（氧气）8-4TheNobleGases（希有气体）8-5OxidesofCarbon8-6Hydrogen（氢气）Chapter8:TheAtmosphericGasesandHydrogen第八章大气气体和氢气FocusonTheCarbonCycle化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide1of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide2of328-1TheAtmos

2、ophereCompositionofDryAirtrace化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide3of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide4of321Chemistry140Fall2002WaterVaporChemicalsfromtheAtmosphere（大气中的化学物质）•nH2O∝PH2Oinair.PH2O(actual)RelativeHumidity=×100%PH2O(max)相对湿度化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide5of32化学化工刘巍Gene

3、ralChemistry:Chapter8Slide6of328-2Nitrogen（氮气）HaberBoschProcess化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide7of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide8of322Chemistry140Fall2002AnhydrousAmmoniaasFertilizerNitrogenOxides化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide9of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide10of32Ni

4、tricAcidProductionSmog•SunlightplusproductsofPt4NH3(g)+5O2(g)→4NO(g)+6H2O(l)combustion–2NO(g)+O2(g)→2NO2(g)photochemicalsmog.3NO2(g)+H2O(l)→2HNO3(aq)+NO(g)•Oxidizingacid.•Nitrationoforganiccompounds.化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide11of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide12of323Chemistry

5、140Fall20028-3OxygenElectrolysis•MostabundantofelementsinEarthscrust.化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide13of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide14of32OzoneOzoneDepletion•O3isanallotrope（同素异形体）ofoxygen.•Anexcellentoxidizingagent.3O2(g)→2O3(g)∆H°=+285kJO2+UVradiation→2OM+O2+O→O3+M*O3+UVradia

6、tion→O2+OO3+O→2O2∆H°=-389.8kJ化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide15of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide16of324Chemistry140Fall2002OzoneDepletion（臭氧消耗）8-4TheNobleGasesNatural:O3+NO→NO2+O2•In1785CavendishcouldNO2+O→NO+O2notgetallthematerialinairtoreactinanelectricO3+O→2O2discharge.Humanacti

7、vity:CCl2F2+UVradiation→CClF2+Cl•100yearslaterRayleighandRamsayisolatedargon.O3+Cl→ClO+O2–Greekargos—thelazyone.ClO+O→Cl+O2O3+O→2O2化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide17of32化学化工刘巍GeneralChemistry:Chapter8Slide18of32NobleGasesHelium•Usedinligh