03-Chemical Compounds .pdf

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1、Chemistry140Fall2002Contents（目录）3-1MolecularandIonicCompounds（分子和离子化合物）3-2MolecularMass（分子量）3-3Composition（组成）3-4OxidationStates（氧化态）3-5Namesandformulas（命名和分子式）FocusonMassSpectrometry（质谱）Chapter3:ChemicalCompounds第三章化合物Slide1of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Slide2of48GeneralChemistry

2、:Chapter3化学化工刘巍3-1Molecularcompounds（分子化合物）Standardcolorscheme实验式分子式结构式Slide3of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Slide4of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍1Chemistry140Fall2002Somemolecules（一些分子）Ioniccompounds（离子化合物）H2O2CH3CH2ClP4O10aAtomsofalmostallelementscangainorloseelectronstoformch

3、argedspeciescalledions.几乎所有元素的的原子都能得到或失去电子形成离子aCompoundscomposedofionsareknownasioniccompounds.由离子组成的化合物称为“离子化合物”¤Metalstendtoloseelectronstoformpositivelychargedionscalledcations.(金属倾向于失电子，形成带正电荷的阳离子）⌦Non-metalstendtogainelectronstoformnegativelychargedCH3CH(OH)CH3HCO2Hionscalledanion

4、s.(非金属倾向于得电子，形成带负电荷的阳离子）Slide5of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Slide6of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Sodiumchloride（氯化钠）Inorganicmolecules（无机分子化合物）ExtendedarrayofNa+andCl-ionsSimplestformulaunitisNaClSP48Slide7of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Slide8of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化

5、学化工刘巍2Chemistry140Fall20023-2Molecularmass（分子量）3-3ChemicalComposition（化学组成）HOHGlucose（葡萄糖）HOHalothaneC2HBrClF3HOMolecularformulaC6H12O6HOHHOHEmpiricalformulaCH2OMolerationC/nhalothaneHOHMassratiomC/mhalothaneMolecularMass:Usethenaturallyoccurringmixtureofisotopes,6×12.01+12×1.01+6×16.0

6、0=180.18ExactMass:Usethemostabundantisotopes,M(C2HBrClF3)=2MC+MH+MBr+MCl+3MF=(2+12.01)+1.01+79.90+35.45+(3+19.00)6×12.000000+12×1.007825+6×15.994915=180.06339=197.38g/molSlide9of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Slide10of48GeneralChemistry:Chapter3化学化工刘巍Example3.4Example3-4Calculatingth

7、eMassPercentCompositionofaCompound(2×12.01)g%C=×100%=12.17%197.38gCalculatethemolecularmass1.01gM(C2HBrClF3)=197.38g/mol%H=×100%=0.51%197.38gForonemoleofcompound,formulatethemass79.90gratioandconverttopercent:%Br=×100%=40.48%197.38g(2×12.01)g35.45g%Cl=×100%=17.96%%C=×100%=12.17%197.3