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1、THENATUREOFHUMANSOCIETYSERIESEditors:JulianPitt-RiversandErnestGellnerTHOUGHTANDCHANGEErnestGellner-Professor,DepartmentofSociologyLondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScienceTHEUNIVERSITYOFCHICAGOPRESSTheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago37WeidenfeldandNicolson,LondonW.I,Eng
2、land©t964byEr;1estGellnerAllrightsreservedFirstpublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaI96SPrintedinGreatBritainToBertrandRussellAcknowledgementsIamverymuchindebtedtoMrsH.Frankiss,MrsM.McLeod,andMissK.Phillipsforgeneroussecretarialassistance;tomanycolleaguesattheL.S.E.forstimu
3、lation,butparticularlytoTomBottomoreand,later,RonDore,withwhomIconductedaseminaronrelatedsubjects,andtothestudentswhoattendedit;toJohnHajnal,PaulStirling,andNicolasThompson,whohavereadthebookintypescriptandmademanyvaluablesuggestions,mostofwhichhavebeenincorporated.Noneof
4、thepeoplementionedcanofcoursebeheldresponsibleforwhatIsay.CONTENTSITIMEANDVALIDITYITheArrowofTime,I-Progress,3-TheEpisodeofProgress,4-TheWorld-growthStory,9-TheCharmoftheWorld-growthStory,I.2-ItsDefects,IS-TheMoralObjection,2.I-LessImmoralbutmoreInconsistent,.26-NosAncetr
5、es,lesGaulois,27-PietyTowardsaMoribundDoctrine,2.92THENEWSOCIALCONTRACT33ThePhilosophyofPolitics,33-TheSociologicalHeir,34-TheEpisodeofProgress,403METAMORPHOSISsoTheConceptofTransition,50-PreparingforPreviousWars,64-ASpecificTransition,68-FlightintoVacuum,734THEUSESOFTHOU
6、GHT82EthicalTheories,82-ThePlatonicModel,84-TheAdviceofPolonius,ortheHiddenPrince,86-TheDreamoftheBureaucrat,90-TheWayofResidue,92-TheSupremeTarget,94-TheRail,Ioo-Conclusion,IOI5THEUSESOFDOUBTI03WorldwithoutBifurcation,I03-ThePureVisitor,I05-SourGrapes,no-TheVirtueof.Cont
7、ingency,II3-ASeparationofPowers,I206THESTUFFOFCHANGEI26Evolutionist,orTransitional?,I26-AMatterofStages,I3I-The'Weberian'TheoryofMarxism,I36-AnExerciseinInduction,I39-TheHopeandtheFear,I44THOUGHTANDCHANGE7NATIONALISM147ColdReasonagainsttheDarkGods,I47-TheContingencyofNati
8、onah'sm,I50-StructureandCulture,I53-EndasaMan,I57-AModel,I64-Qualijications,I7I-ASystemofLocks,I
