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1、--Unit2CultureandCommunicationSomeIdeasRelatedtoCultureandCommunication1.VariousDefinitionsofCultureThewordculturehasnumerousmeanings.Itissaidthattherearemorethan150definitionsaboutculture.Culturewastreatedearlierasacomplexwholeofoursocialtraditionsandasaprerequisiteforustobeamem
2、berofthesociety.Culturecanbeasetoffundamentalideas,practices,andexperiencesofagroupofpeoplethataresymbolicallytransmittedgenerationtogenerationthroughalearningprocess.Culturemayaswellrefertobeliefs,norms,andattitudesthatareusedtoguideourbehaviorsandsolvehumanproblem.2.CultureasaW
3、aytoSatisfyHumanNeedsa)thephysiologicalneedsb)thesafetyneedsc)thebelongingnessneedsd)theesteemneedse)theself-actualizationneeds—AbrahamMaslow,apsychologist3.CultureasanIcebergCultureiscomparedtoanicebergthatonetenthofitisabovethewaterandninetenthsisbelowthewater.Thepartabovewater
4、istheovertculturewhichcanbeseenclearly,whilethepartbelowwateristhedeepculturewhichisoutofourawareness.4.CharacteristicsofCulturea)Cultureisholistic.--Thischaracteristicunderscoresthecomplexnatureofculture.Asaholisticsystem,aneducationsystem,areligioussystem,anassociationsystem,ap
5、oliticalsystem,andsoon,thevariousaspectsofculturearecloselyinterrelated.Inotherworlds,anychangeinasubsystemwillaffectthewholesystem.Forexample,theAmericanCivilRightsMovementbroughtaboutchangesindifferentfacetsofAmericancultureandalteredAmericanattitude,values,andbehaviors.b)Cultu
6、reisacquired.Webegintoconsciouslyandunconsciouslylearnourcultureinourearlylifethroughtheprocessofsocializationorenculturation.Interactionwithfamilymembersandfriendsisthemostcommonwayforustolearnourculture.Othersourcesforlearningourcultureareschools,churches,media,folktales,andart
7、.c)Cultureischanging.Culturesareconstantlychangingovertime.Someculturesaremoreopenandacceptingofchange,otherstendtoresistit.Cultureschangeintheprocessoftransmissionfromgenerationtogeneration,grouptogroup,andplacetoplace.TheAmericanCivilWarandChina’sOpiumWarbroughtgreatsocialandcu
8、lturalchangestobothsocieties.d)Cultureis
