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1、Unit9InterculturalAdaptationSomeIdeasRelatedtoCultureShockandAdaptationStrategies1.CultureShockWhatiscultureshock?Cultureshockisacommonexperienceofpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad.Itreferstophenomenarangingfrommildirritabilitytodeeppsychologicalpanicandcrisis.Itisassociated
2、withfeelingsinthepersonofestrangement(beingunfriendlyorhostiletoothers;alienation),anger,hostility,indecision,frustration,unhappiness,sadness,loneliness,homesickness,andevenphysicalillness.Thepersonundergoingcultureshockviewshisnewworldoutofresentment,andalternatesbetweenbeingangryato
3、thersfornotunderstandinghimandbeingfilledwithself-pity.Cultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallourfamiliarsignsandsymbolsorsocialcontact.Thosecuesorsighsincludevariouswaysinwhichweadaptourselvestothesituationofdailylife:Whentoshakehandsandwhattosaywhenwemeetpeople,when
4、andhowtogivetips,howtobuythings,whentoacceptandwhentorefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesecues,whichmaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandareasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept
5、.Allofusdependforourpeaceofmindandourefficiencyonhundredsofthesecues,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.Nowwhenanindividualentersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarcuesareremoved.Heorsheislikefishoutofwater.EdwardHalldescribesahypotheticalexampleofanAmericanliv
6、ingabroadforthefirsttime—atfirst,thingsinthecitieslookprettymuchalike.Therearetaxis,hotelswithhotandcoldrunningwater,theatres,neonlights,eventallbuildingswithelevatorsandafewpeoplewhocanspeakEnglish.ButprettysoontheAmericandiscoversthatunderneaththefamiliarexteriortherearevastdifferen
7、ces.Whensomeonesays“yes”itoftendoesn’tmeanyesatall,andwhenpeoplesmileitdoesn’talwaysmeantheyarepleased.WhentheAmericanvisitormakesahelpfulgesturehemayberebuffed;whenhetriestobefriendlynothinghappens.Peopletellhimthattheywilldothingsanddon’t.Thelongerhestays,themoreenigmatic(puzzling)t
8、henew
