hobbes thomasius and the seventeenth century debate on the church and state.pdf

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1、HistoryofEuropeanIdeas,Vol.23,No.2-4,pp.59-79,1997©1998ElsevierScienceLtdPergamonPII:S0191-6599(97)000156Allrightsreserved.PrintedinGreatBritain0191-6599/97$17.00+0.00THOMASHOBBES,CHRISTIANTHOMASIUSANDTHESEVENTEENTHCENTURYDEBATEONTHECHURCHANDSTATElPETERSCHRODER*Alongtheen

2、tirecourseofthatseventeenthcentury,thegreatprinciplesofrepresentativegovernmentandtherightsofconsciencewerepassingthroughtheanguishofconflictandfierytrial(DeQuincey).ThereismuchevidencethatGermannaturallawthinkerslikeSamuelPufendorf(1632-1694)andChristianThomasius(1655-17

3、28)wereinfluencedbyHobbes.ePufendorfwasaclosefriendofThomasiusandhadconsiderableinfluenceonhim,butthedegreeofinfluencethatHobbes'politicaltheoryhadonThomasiushasneverbeeninvestigated.Intheparticularcaseoftherelationshipbetweenchurchandsecularsovereignthereareremarkablesim

4、ilaritiesinHobbes'andThomasius'writings,bothaimingtomaintainthesupremacyofthesecularsovereignovertheclergy.ItisthecentralconcernofthispapertoestablishtheimpactHobbeshadonGermanpoliticalthoughtintheseventeenthcenturybyusingtheexampleofThomasius.Insupportoftheargumentforthe

5、strongideologicallinksbetweenHobbesandThomasiusweshallmainlyrefertoLeviathanforHobbesandtotheKirchenrechtsgelartheit(Frankfurt1740~posthumous)forthelattertoclarifythewayinwhichtheirargumentsweredeveloped.However,itseemsusefultoputThomasiusinhistoricalcontextbeforeweexplor

6、ethesimilaritiesofhisargumentswithHobbes'.Barnard,oneofthefewEnglish-speakingscholarswhohasworkedonThomasius,complainedthat'therearenotmanyintheEnglish-speakingworldwhohavetakennoticeof[Thomasius'theoryand...]mostsimply[have]neverheardofhim'.3ChristianThomasiuswasbornande

7、ducatedinLeipzig,wherehisfamilywaswellestablished.HisfatherJacobThomasiuswasawell-knownlaw-tutorattheuniversityandGottfriedWilhelmLeibnizwashismostfamousdisciplewhowrotehisdoctoralthesisunderJacob'ssupervision.ChristianThomasiuswasnotonlyaclosefriendofthefamousnaturallawt

8、heoristSamuelPufendorfbuthehimselfplayedaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthenaturallawtheoryi