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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：ThestressofdrivingAstudypublishedin1987foundthatintheEuropeanCommunityalone,outof124millionemployedpeople,abouthalfofthemcommutedtoworkbycar.Sincethentheirnumberhassubstantiallyincreased,especiallyintheUK.Equallywidespreadisdrivingforworkpurposes,eitherasthemainoccupation(e.
2、g.lorrydrivers)orasanintegralpartofwork(e.g.salespeople).Surveyshaveindicatedthatlong-termdriving(whethercommutingoroccupational)actsasastressorbyinterferingwith:●thequalityoflife,throughreductionoftimeavailableforthefamilyandleisureactivity;●workoutput,throughincreasedabsenteeism,higherrate
3、sofoccupationalaccidents,andreducedproductivity;●stateofhealth,mostlyaffectingcardiovascularandneuro-endocrinefunctions,aswellasthequalityofsleepandskeleto-muscularproblems;●psychologicalwellbeing,throughanincreaseinirritabilityandaggressiveness.Theissueofdriverstresshas,therefore,morethanan
4、academicinterest.Ithaswideimplicationsforemployersaswellasforemployees;itaffectstheinterestsofbothcategories.Sinceitisunlikelythatthetrendinmotortransportisgoingtobereversedorevenreduced,individualsandcompaniesalikeareinterestedinmeansofpreventingandarrestingdriverstress.Anumberofquestionsar
5、iseregardingtheeffectsoflong-termdrivingonpeople'spsychologicalwellbeing:●Isthereatheshold,intermsofdistanceortimespentdriving,abovewhichpeoplebecomeirritable,aggressive,discontented?●Isdrivingstressfulmostlybecauseoftimepressureandtrafficincidentswhichinterferewithdrivers'schedules?●Alterna
6、tively,isdrivingappraisedasstressfulbecauseoffactorsoutsidethedrivingsituationwhichadverselyaffecttheindividualathomeoratwork?●Or,asitseemsmorelikely,doallthesefactorscontributetodrivingstress?Someoftheseissueswillbeaddressedinthisarticle.CHARACTERISTICFEATURESOFDRIVERSTRESSToanswertheseques
7、tions,itisnecessarytodeterminethepsychologicalfeatureswhichdefinedriverstressandthefactorswhichcontributetoitsemergenceandmaintenance.ThiswastheobjectiveofarecentstudycarriedoutatAstonUniversity(Gulianetal.,1989b).Tothisendaquestionnaire—theDriving
