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1、外文翻译原文：原文原文Thedynamicsofcorporateculture:conceptionandtheorybyRichardL.BrinkmanThedynamicsofcultureevolutionAnunderstandingoftheconceptionofcorporateculturerequires,attheoutset,aclarificationofhowtheanthropologist’sconceptionofculturerelatestotheeconomicprocessoverall.Someofthem
2、ostimportantconceptsinscience,thoughverycomplexandentailingmanyvariables,havebeendefinedinverysimpleterms.Forexample,energy:“asthecapacitytodowork”,technology:“astheapplicationofknowledge”,and,institutions:“assettledsocialhabitsofthought”.EdwardB.Tylorindefiningculture:“asthatco
3、mplexwhole”,alsoservedtoestablishthescienceofanthropology.Suchaconceptionofculturecanbedefinedinmanyways;theKroeberandKluckhohnstudyrevealssome164definitionsofculturebutallofwhichappearcompatibleandconsistentwithTylor’sseminalconception,“asthatcomplexwhole”.Buthowisculture,socon
4、ceptualized,relatedtotheoveralloftheeconomicprocess?Threebasicquestionsappearrelevant:1.Whatevolves,substantively,intheeconomicprocess?2.Whatistheformandstructureofeconomicandcultureevolution?3.Howthentoexplaintheprocessofstructuraltransformation?Question1：Whatevolvessubstantive
5、lyintheeconomicprocessisculture.Asnotedpreviously,therearemanywaysofdefiningculture.Manyofferadefinitionofculturerelegatedessentiallytononmaterialcultureandprovideconceptionsrelatedprimarilytovaluesandattitudes.However,averyimportantconceptualaspectofcultureisthatcultureisbothma
6、terialandnonmaterial.Values,institutions,moresandsoonconstituteaspectsofnonmaterialculture.Butnonmaterialculturedoesnotconstitutethetotalityof``thatcomplexwhole''.InlinewiththeTylorconception,ElmanR.Servicedefinescultureas``Thesumtotalofthesocialandpoliticalrules,technologicalin
7、ventionsandeconomicinstitutions,thearts,sharedbeliefsandpractices±thatistheculture_''(Service,1968,p.222).Aconceptioncultureasatotalityandcomplexity,andascomprisedofboththematerialandthenonmaterial,isamplycoveredintheclassicKroeberandKluckhohnstudy(1952).Themainstreameconomistfo
8、cusesprimarilyonmaterialcultureandassumesthesoc
