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1、毕业设计(论文)外文参考资料及译文译文题目:内部控制透视:理论与概念说明:要求学生结合毕业设计(论文)课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料,并翻译至少一万印刷符(或译出3千汉字)以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印(如手写,一律用400字方格稿纸书写),连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订,于毕业设计(论文)工作开始后2周内完成,作为成绩考核的一部分。AClearLookatInternalControls:TheoryandConceptsHammedArad(Philae)Departmentofaccounting,Is
2、lamicAzadUniversity,Hamadan,IranBarakJamshedyNavidFacultyMemberofIslamicAzadUniversity,Kerman-shah,IranFrom:ReserarchPaper,July2009.SocialScienceResearchNetworkAbstractInternalcontrolisanaccountingprocedureorsystemdesignedtopromoteefficiencyorassuretheimplem
3、entationofapolicyorsafeguardassetsoravoidfraudanderror.InternalControlisamajorpartofmanaginganorganization.Itcomprisestheplans,methods,andproceduresusedtomeetmissions,goals,andobjectivesand,indoingso,supportperformance-basedmanagement.InternalControlwhichise
4、qualwithmanagementcontrolhelpsmanagersachievedesiredresultsthrougheffectivestewardshipofresources.Internalcontrolsshouldreducetherisksassociatedwithundetectederrorsorirregularities,butdesigningandestablishingeffectiveinternalcontrolsisnotasimpletaskandcannot
5、beaccomplishedthroughashortsetofquickfixes.Inthispapertheconceptsofinternalcontrolsanddifferentaspectsofinternalcontrolsarediscussed.Keywords:InternalControl,ManagementControls,ControlEnvironment,ControlActivities,Monitoring.1.IntroductionThenecessityofcontr
6、olinnewvariablebusinessenvironmentisnotlatentforanypersonandmanagementasaresponsefactorforstockholdersandanothershouldimplementagreatcontroloverhis/herorganization.Controlistheactivityofmanagingorexertingcontroloversomething.Theemergenceanddevelopmentofsyste
7、maticthoughtsinrecentdecaderequiredanewattentiontobusinessresourceandcontroloverthiswealth.Oneofthehottopicaboutcontrolsoverbusinessresourceisanalyzingthecost-benefitofeachcontrol.InternalControlsserveasthefirstlineofdefenseinsafeguardingassetsandpreventinga
8、nddetectingerrorsandfraud.WecansayInternalcontrolisawholesystemofcontrolsfinancialandotherwise,establishedbythemanagementforthesmoothrunningofbusiness;itincludesinternalcheek,internalauditandoth