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1、外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文：InternalcontrolIntroductionThesystemofinternalcontroloverfinancialreportinginJapanundertheFinancialInstrumentsandExchangeAct(FIEA)wasimplementedasofthefiscalyearstartingonApril12008.Underthissystem,executiveofficersoflistedcompaniesareobligatedto
2、evaluatetheircompany'sinternalcontroloverfinancialreportingandtofiletheresultsofsuchevaluationintheformofaninternalauditreportwiththeFinancialServicesAgency(FSA).Inthisreport,executiveofficersshouldstatematerialweaknessiftheyjudgeanymaterialweaknessexistsinthecom
3、pany'sinternalcontroloverfinancialreporting.ThereportshouldalsobeauditedbyoutsideaccountingauditorsbeforebeingfiledwiththeFSA.SincemostJapanesecompanieshaveafiscalyearthatendsinMarch,June2009willbethefirsttimemostcompaniesfilesuchareport.Whentheinternalcontrolsys
4、temwasintroduced,itmadereferencetotheSarbanes-OxleyActoftheUS.UndertheJapanesesystem,clearstandardsweresetregardingtheset-upofinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreportinginanefforttopreventthecreationofexcessivedocumentationandtocontrolcosts,twoissueswhichhadoccurredin
5、theUS.However,evenwithsuchstandards,someuncertaintyexists.Inparticular,uncertaintyarisesregardingtheconnectionbetweenthissystemundertheFIEAandtherulesoftheCompaniesAct.Failuretosubmittheinternalauditreportorsubmissionoffalsestatementscanleadtoliabilitiesandcrimin
6、alpenaltiesundertheFinancialInstrumentsandExchangeAct(FIEA).However,ifthereisamaterialweaknessinthecompany'sinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreportingandexecutiveofficersdisclosesuchmaterialweaknessintheinternalauditreport,nosanctionswillbeimposedundertheFinancialIns
7、trumentsandExchangeAct,norwillitdirectlyleadtothedirector'sliabilitiesundertheCompaniesAct.Rather,disclosureofsuchmaterialweaknessisthoughttobedesirable,becausebydisclosingsuchmaterialweakness,acompanycanimprovethequalityofitsinternalcontroloverfinancialreporting
8、,whichwillenablethecompanytosubmitmoreaccuratefinancialreportsinthefuture.Internalcontrolisaprocess-effectedbyanentity'sboardofdirectors,management,andotherper
