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1、1TheMouseandtheDesktopInterviewswithDougEngelbart,StuCard,TimMott,andLarryTeslerWhenyouwereinteractingconsiderablywiththescreen,youneededsomesortofdevicetoselectobjectsonthescreen,totellthecomputerthatyouwantedtodosomethingwiththem.DouglasC.Engelbart,2003,referringto1964WhyaMouse?•Applemo
2、useWhowouldchoosetopoint,steer,anddrawwithablobof2002plasticasbigandclumsyasabarofsoap?WespentallthoseyearsPhotoCourtesyofApplelearningtowriteanddrawwithpencils,pens,andbrushes.Sharpenthepenciltoafinepointandyoucancreateanimagewiththemostdelicateshapesandwriteinthetiniestletters;it’snotso
3、easytodothatwithamouse.DougEngelbart1tellsthestoryofhowheinventedthemouse.Whenhewasastudent,hewasmeasuringtheareaundersomecomplex-shapedcurves,usingadevicewithwheelsthatwouldrollinonedirectionandslidesidewaysintheaxisatninetydegrees.Hewasboredataconference,andwroteinhisnotebookaboutputtin
4、gtwowheelsatrightanglestotrackmovementonaplane.Yearslater,whenhewassearchingforadevicetoselectobjectsonacomputerscreen,herememberedthosenotes,andtogetherwithBillEnglish,hebuiltthefirstmouse.WeusethemousenotjustbecauseDougEngelbartinventedit,butbecauseitturnedouttobethepointingdevicethatpe
5、rformedbestforTheMouseandtheDesktop
6、17pointingandclickingonadisplay,outperforminglightpens,cursorkeys,joysticks,trackballs,andeverythingelsethatwastriedinearlytestswithusers.Themousewonbecauseitwastheeasiesttouse.Weunderstandthereasonsforthetriumphofthemousemuchmoreclearlyfromthestoryofde
7、velopingtheearlydesignstoldbyStuCard,2whojoinedXeroxPaloAltoResearchCenter(PARC)in1974andhasspentmuchofhistimethereperfectingscientificmethodstointegratewithcreativedesign.Hehasdevelopedaprocesstopredictthebehaviorofaproposeddesign,usingtaskanalysis,approximation,andcalculation.Hisideaist
8、oacceleratethemovementthroughthedesignspacebyapartnershipbetweendesignersandscientists,byprovidingasciencethatsupportsdesign.Hetellsthestoryofapplyingthissciencetothedevelopmentofthemouse.WhyaDesktop?Itseemssurprisingtofinda“desktop”onthesphericalsurface•AppleMacOSX
