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1、7MindMatters:TheWesleyanJournalofPsychologyVol.2(2007)7-18ImaginedSpatialMotionandSpatiotemporalMetaphors∗∗ArielBallinger,LisaSacerio,AnjaLiCarrasco,SarahElgart,RachelJacobson,JessicaTsaiandAllisonZoromskiAbstractLanguageusedfortheconcreteconceptofspacehasbeenadoptedtodescribe
2、theabstractnotionoftime.Thisisillustratedbytheuseofspatiotemporalmetaphors,whichallowpeopletotranslatetheirpreviousinterpretationsofspatialdomainsintotheirrepresentationsoftime.Wedemonstratedthatimaginedhorizontalandverticalmotionprimesdramaticallyinfluenceanindividual’sinterp
3、retationofquestionscontainingambiguousspatiotemporalmetaphors.Theseresultssuggestthatspatialrepresentationsoftimeareimperativetoanindividual’sconceptionoftime.IntroductionHumanshavetheuniqueabilitytousemetaphorstodescribeintangibleconceptssuchastime.Whileitisevidentfromspokenl
4、anguagethatpeoplehavedevelopedwaystoconveynotionsoftime,theschemastheyusetovisualizetimearelessclear.Ourunderstandingoftheseperceptionsbeginswiththepremiseofexaminingtimeasanabstractdomain(Casasanto,inpress).Asthepassageoftimedoesnotoccurwithinaconcretevisiblespace,languagetyp
5、icallyreservedforillustratingphysicaldistancesisalsousedfordescriptionsoftime.Forinstance,inEnglish,descriptorssuchaslongandshortareoftenusedforverbalizingtheamountoftimeinvolvedinavacationormeeting.Inotherwords,theconceptoftimeistranslatedintotheconcretedomainofdistanceandspa
6、ceasawaytovisualizeanddescribeitsmotion—eventhoughtimeitselfdoesnotliterallymove.∗Theseauthorscontributedequallytothiswork.8Ballinger,Sacerio,etal.Boroditsky(2000)foundthatlinguistically,spaceandtimearesimilarenoughintheirrelationalstructurethatspatialmetaphors(e.g.,ahead/behi
7、nd)canbeusedaseffectivelyastemporalmetaphors(e.g.,earlier/later)toorganizeeventsintime.Forinstance,“thebookwaspublishedearly”communicatesthesametemporalrelationshipas“thebookwaspublishedaheadofschedule.”InEnglish,inordertoindicatethesequentialorderofsuchevents,one-dimensionals
8、patialterms(e.g.,upanddown)areusedtodescribetimeinlieuofmulti
