Adaptive Strategies of Nonprofit Human Service Organizations.pdf

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1、nml10305.qxp3/9/0011:32AMPage287AdaptiveStrategiesofNonprofitHumanServiceOrganizationsinanEraofDevolutionandNewPublicManagementJenniferAlexanderThisarticlereviewstheresultsofamultiphasestudyofnonprofithumanserviceorganizationsservingchildrenandyouthinCuyahogaCounty,Ohio.Thepurposeofthestudywastoiden

2、-tifyadaptationstrategiesorganizationsfoundeffectiveforthecurrentenvironment.Thestudyreviewstheresultsoflongitudi-nalfocusgroupsandafinalworkshopdirectedtoanalyzingstrategiesformaintainingorganizationalviability.Effectiveadaptationsincludedstrategicexpansionofservicesandclientbases,networkingasame

3、anstoacquireandstabilizerevenuestreamsandresources,andincreaseduseofbusinesstechniquesandtechnologytogenerateoutcomemeasuresandanimageofeffectivenesswithfunders.ONPROFITorganizationsengagedinhumanservicedeliveryNareexperiencingseriousthreatstotheirsurvivalduetodra-maticchangesintheirenvironments.I

4、nrecentyears,theseorganizationshaveconfrontedincreasedfinancialvulnerabilityfromreducedgovernmentfunding,ashiftfromgrantstoservicecontracts,andheavycompetitionforfoundation,corporation,andindividualdonorsupport.Thedevolutionoffederalsocialprograms,suchaswelfarereform,hasleftnonprofitscompetinginthei

5、rtraditionalser-viceareaswithfor-profitagenciesforcontractsandclients.Withthenewemphasisonbusiness-orientedpractices,fundersexpectnon-profitstoprofessionalizemanagementpracticesandtodemonstratemeasurableoutcomeswhilekeepingcostslow.Inshort,amultiplic-ityofchangesintheexpectationsoffundershavereconfi

6、guredtherulesfororganizationalsurvival.NONPROFITMANAGEMENT&LEADERSHIP,vol.10,no.3,Spring2000©Jossey-BassPublishers287nml10305.qxp3/9/0011:32AMPage288288ALEXANDEROneimpetusbehindthismaelstromofchangeisareformmove-mentknownasthe“newpublicmanagement”(seeHood,1991;Kettl,1997;Terry,1998).The“newpublicm

7、anagement”hasbeencharacterizedbytwoassumptions:(1)theefficiencyofmarketsandthevalueofcompetitionasastrategyforimprovingorganizationalperformance;and(2)theconceptionofmanagementasagenericpracticeperfectedbythepriva