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1、MachineLearning2:5-8,1987©1987KluwerAcademicPublishers,Boston-ManufacturedinTheNetherlandsEDITORIALMachineLearningandGrammarInductionLanguageandtheAcquisitionofSyntaxLanguageisamajorcomponentofcognition,andassuch,itsacquisitionhasbeenacentralconcernof
2、machinelearningresearchers.SomeoftheearliestAIlearningworkfocusedonthistopic,andinteresthascontinuedtothepresent.However,progressinthisareahasbeenmuchslowerthaninmostotherlearningtasks,undoubtedlyduetotheinherentcomplexityofnaturallanguage.Despiteitsc
3、omplexity,thetaskofnaturallanguageprocessingcanbedividedintoanumberofwell-definedsubtasks,andoneofthesecentersonsyntax.Thisaspectoflanguagehasbeenstudiedindetailbylinguists,anddevelopmentalstudieshaveprovidedavarietyofempiricalgeneralizationsaboutthes
4、tagesthatchildrentraverseintheiracquisitionofgrammar.Becauseourknowledgeofsyntaxismorecompletethanthatforothercomponentsoflanguage,thevastmajorityoflanguage-relatedresearchinmachinelearninghasfocusedonthetaskofgrammarinduction.TwoViewsofGrammarInducti
5、onWithinthiseffort,twodifferentparadigmshaveemergedfordescrib-ingthegrammarinductiontask.ThefirstapproachwasformulatedbySolomonoff(1959)andothersintheearlydaysofAI.Itassumedonlyasetoflegalsentencesasinput,fromwhichthelearnerinducedagrammarthatwouldpar
6、sethosesentences.Thisapproachwasquitepopularduringthe1960's,duringwhichGold(1967)andothersformulatedanumberofformalresultsaboutthetask.Thisparadigmhassometimesbeencalledgrammaticalinference.Thesecondapproachdidnotappearuntilthelate1960's,whensomeresea
7、rchersnotedthatinnaturallanguages,grammarswereusedformorethansimplyparsingsentences-theyalsomappedsentencesontomeaningstructures.Thisledtoanalternativeviewofthegrammarinductiontask:givenpairsofsentencesandtheirassociatedmeanings,thelearnerinducedgramm
8、aticalrulesformappinglegalsentencesontomeaningstructures.Siklossy(1968)andKleinandKuppin(1970)carriedoutearlyworkalong6P.LANGLEYtheselines,whichwemaycallthegrammaticalmappingparadigm.Thisnewframeworkemergedasthestandardviewofgrammaracquisition
