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1、⑴TheIcyDefender(n.保卫者)1.In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,Emperor（n.皇帝；君主）oftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland（n.祖国；家乡）.HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.Buthewasnotpreparedforthedevastating（a.毁灭
2、性的）enemythatmethiminMoscow--theraw（a.阴冷的；生的；未加工的）,bitter,bleak（a.寒冷刺骨的；凄凉的）Russianwinter.2.In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launched（vt.开始；发射）anattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler'smilitarymightwasunequaled(a.无比的).HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope.Hitlere
3、xpectedashortcampaign(n.战役；运动)but,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.Napoleon'sCampaign3.Inthespringof1812,Napoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenontheborders(n.边界（地区）)ofRussia.Thesoldierswerewelltrained,efficient(a.效率高的),andwe
4、llequipped.ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquest(n.征服，战胜)ofRussiainfiveweeks.4.Shortlyafterwards,Napoleon'sarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia.Thequick,decisive(a.决定性的；果断的)victorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened.Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefus
5、edtostandandfight.Instead,theyretreated(vi.退却)eastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecamebogged(v.（使）陷入泥潭;阻碍)down（陷入泥潭；不能前进）5.InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengaged(v.与……交战；占用（时间、精力等）)atSmolensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.Ye
6、t,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussianterritory.Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory.Hewasnowfacedwithacrucial(a.至关重要的)decision.ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy?OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter?6.Napoleontookthegamble(n.赌博)ofpressingonahend((不顾困难)继续进行)toMosco
7、w,448kilometersaway.OnSeptember7,1812,theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinfiercebattleatBorodino,112kilometerswestofMoscow.Bynightfall(n.黄昏；傍晚),thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebatt
