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1、⑴TheIcyDefender(n.保卫者)1.In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,Emperor(n.皇帝;君主)oftheFrench,ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia.HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland(n.祖国;家乡).HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,thecapitalcity.Buthewasnotpreparedforthedevas
2、tating(a.毁灭性的)enemythatmethiminMoscow--theraw(a.阴冷的;生的;未加工的),bitter,bleak(a.寒冷刺骨的;凄凉的)Russianwinter.2.In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launched(vt.开始;发射)anattackagainsttheSovietUnion,asRussiathenwascalled.Hitler'smilitarymightwasunequaled(a.无比的).Hiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistance
3、inmostofEurope.Hitlerexpectedashortcampaign(n.战役;运动)but,likeNapoleonbeforehim,wastaughtapainfullesson.TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.Napoleon'sCampaign3.Inthespringof1812,Napoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenontheborders(n.边界(地区))ofRussia.Thesoldierswerewe
4、lltrained,efficient(a.效率高的),andwellequipped.ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy.Napoleon,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquest(n.征服,战胜)ofRussiainfiveweeks.4.Shortlyafterwards,Napoleon'sarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia.Thequick,decisive(a.决定性的;果断的)victorythatNapoleonexpected
5、neverhappened.Tohissurprise,theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight.Instead,theyretreated(vi.退却)eastward,burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent.TheGrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecamebogged(v.(使)陷入泥潭;阻碍)down(陷入泥潭;不能前进)5.InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiesengaged(v.与……交战;占用(时间、精力等))atSmo
6、lensk,inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside.Yet,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussianterritory.Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory.Hewasnowfacedwithacrucial(a.至关重要的)decision.ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy?OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter?
7、6.Napoleontookthegamble(n.赌博)ofpressingonahend((不顾困难)继续进行)toMoscow,448kilometersaway.OnSeptember7,1812,theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinfiercebattleatBorodino,112kilometerswestofMoscow.Bynightfall(n.黄昏;傍晚),thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebatt