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1、HowtoforgetamemorythatcausesunpleasantsensationsTherearetwowayswecanforgetamemorythatcausesunpleasantsensations,betheyahumiliatinggaffeatsomedinnerpartyoranextremelyfrighteningevent,sayresearchersfromtheUniversityofCambridge,England,intheOctober17theditionofNeuron.P
2、erhapsFreudreallywasontosomething100yearsagowhenhesuggestedthathumanshaveavoluntaryrepressionmechanismthatblocksunwantedmemoriesoutofconsciousness.Weallhavemomentsinlifewhenweencounterremindersofthingswewouldprefertoforgetabout-whenweseesomethingthattriggersanunwant
3、edmemory,whichmakesuswincebriefly,andwerapidlyblockitout.Thisprocessisnotonlyusedfortraumaticevents.Theresearchersofthisstudysaytheirfindingsmayleadtothedevelopmentofnewtherapiesaimedatpeoplewithdisordersofmemorycontrol.Leadauthor,RolandBenoitoftheMedicalResearchCou
4、ncil(MRC)CognitionandBrainSciencesUnit,UniversityofCambridge,said:"Thisstudyisthefirstdemonstrationoftwodistinctmechanismsthatcausesuchforgetting:onebyshuttingdowntherememberingsystem,andtheotherbyfacilitatingtherememberingsystemtooccupyawarenesswithasubstitutememor
5、y."Accordingtopriorstudies,itispossibleforpeopletodeliberatelyblockmemoriesfromconsciousness.Anumberofneuroimagingstudieshaveobservedwhichbrainsystemsareinvolvedindeliberateforgetting;however,nonehavedemonstratedwhichcognitivetacticsareused,orwhatexactlyisgoingonatn
6、eurallevel.Therearetwowayswecanforgetunwantedmemories:·Wecansuppressthem·WecansubstitutethemwithanothermemoryHowwegoaboutforgettinginthosetwowaysmayinvolvedifferentneuralpathways,theauthorsbelieve.RolandBenoitandMichaelAndersonsetouttotesthowwesuppressorsubstituteme
7、mories.TheyusedfMRI(functionalmagneticresonanceimaging)toobservethebrainactivityofparticipantswhohadlearnedassociationsbetweenpairsofwords,andthentriedtoforgetthememoriesbyeitherrecallingalternativeonestosubstitutethem,orblockingthemout.Bothstrategiesareequallyeffec
8、tive,theauthorsexplained.However,theneuralcircuitsthatareactivatedaredistinct.·Memorysuppression-activityinthehippocampuswasinhibitedbythe
