transmission-of-aggression-through-imitation-of-aggressive-models.pdf

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1、www.all-about-psychology.comPresentsTransmissionofAggressionThroughImitationofAggressiveModelsAlbertBandura,DorotheaRoss&SheilaARoss(1961)(OriginallypublishedintheJournalofAbnormalandSocialPsychology63,575-582)Apreviousstudy,designedtoaccountforthephenomenonofidentificationintermsofi

2、ncidentallearning,demonstratedthatchildrenreadilyimitatedbehaviorexhibitedbyanadultmodelinthepresenceofthemodel(Bandura&Huston,1961).AseriesofexperimentsbyBlake(1958)andothers(Grosser,Polansky,&Lippitt,1951;Rosenblith,1959;Schachter&Hall,1952)havelikewiseshownthatmereobservationrespo

3、nsesofamodelhasafacilitatingeffectonsubjects'reactionsintheimmediatesocialinfluencesetting.Whilethesestudiesprovideconvincingevidencefortheinfluenceandcontrolexertedonothersbythebehaviorofamodel,amorecrucialtestofimitativelearninginvolvesthegeneralizationofimitativeresponsepatternsne

4、wsettingsinwhichthemodelisabsent.Intheexperimentreportedinthispaperchildrenwereexposedtoaggressiveandnonaggressiveadultmodelsandwerethentestedamountofimitativelearninginanewsituationonintheabsenceofthemodel.Accordingtheprediction,subjectsexposedtoaggressivemodelswouldreproduceaggress

5、iveactsresemblingthoseoftheirmodelsandwoulddifferinthisrespectbothfromsubjectswhoservednonaggressivemodelsandfromthosehohadnopriorexposuretoanymodels.Thishypothesisassumedthatsubjectshadlearnedimitativehabitsasaresultofpriorreinforcement,andthesetendencieswouldgeneralizetosomeextentt

6、oadultexperimenters(Miller&Dollard,1941).Itwasfurtherpredictedthatobservationofsubduednonaggressivemodelswouldhavegeneralizedinhibitingeffectonthesubjects'subsequentbehavior,andthiseffectwouldbereflectedinadifference1betweenthenonaggressiveandthecontrolgroups,withsubjectsinthelatterg

7、roupdisplayingsignificantlymoreaggression.Hypotheseswerealsoadvancedconcerningtheinfluenceofthesexofmodelandsexofsubjectsonimitation.FaulsandSmith(1956)haveshownthatpreschoolchildrenperceivetheirparentsashavingdistinctpreferencesregardingsexappropriatemodesofbehaviorfortheirchildren.

8、Theirfinding