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时间:2019-03-10
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1、www.all-about-psychology.comPresentsTransmissionofAggressionThroughImitationofAggressiveModelsAlbertBandura,DorotheaRoss&SheilaARoss(1961)(OriginallypublishedintheJournalofAbnormalandSocialPsychology63,575-582)Apreviousstudy,designedtoaccountforthephenomenonofidentificationintermsofi
2、ncidentallearning,demonstratedthatchildrenreadilyimitatedbehaviorexhibitedbyanadultmodelinthepresenceofthemodel(Bandura&Huston,1961).AseriesofexperimentsbyBlake(1958)andothers(Grosser,Polansky,&Lippitt,1951;Rosenblith,1959;Schachter&Hall,1952)havelikewiseshownthatmereobservationrespo
3、nsesofamodelhasafacilitatingeffectonsubjects'reactionsintheimmediatesocialinfluencesetting.Whilethesestudiesprovideconvincingevidencefortheinfluenceandcontrolexertedonothersbythebehaviorofamodel,amorecrucialtestofimitativelearninginvolvesthegeneralizationofimitativeresponsepatternsne
4、wsettingsinwhichthemodelisabsent.Intheexperimentreportedinthispaperchildrenwereexposedtoaggressiveandnonaggressiveadultmodelsandwerethentestedamountofimitativelearninginanewsituationonintheabsenceofthemodel.Accordingtheprediction,subjectsexposedtoaggressivemodelswouldreproduceaggress
5、iveactsresemblingthoseoftheirmodelsandwoulddifferinthisrespectbothfromsubjectswhoservednonaggressivemodelsandfromthosehohadnopriorexposuretoanymodels.Thishypothesisassumedthatsubjectshadlearnedimitativehabitsasaresultofpriorreinforcement,andthesetendencieswouldgeneralizetosomeextentt
6、oadultexperimenters(Miller&Dollard,1941).Itwasfurtherpredictedthatobservationofsubduednonaggressivemodelswouldhavegeneralizedinhibitingeffectonthesubjects'subsequentbehavior,andthiseffectwouldbereflectedinadifference1betweenthenonaggressiveandthecontrolgroups,withsubjectsinthelatterg
7、roupdisplayingsignificantlymoreaggression.Hypotheseswerealsoadvancedconcerningtheinfluenceofthesexofmodelandsexofsubjectsonimitation.FaulsandSmith(1956)haveshownthatpreschoolchildrenperceivetheirparentsashavingdistinctpreferencesregardingsexappropriatemodesofbehaviorfortheirchildren.
8、Theirfinding
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