-- the view of freiburg--

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1、TechnicalReport168ANoteonDesignDecisionsofaFormalizationoftheOCL—TheViewofFreiburg—AchimD.BruckerBurkhartWolffJanuary23,2002{brucker,wolff}@informatik.uni-freiburg.dewww.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/~{brucker,wolff}InstitutfürInformatikInteractiveObject

2、sSoftwareGmbHGeorges-Köhler-Allee52BaslerStraße6579110Freiburg,Germany79100Freiburg,GermanyAbstractWecompareseveralformalandinformalapproachestodefinethesemanticsoftheObjectConstraintLanguage(OCL)[22].Thiscomparisonrevealsanumberofminorandmajordesignpr

3、oblemstobesettledinupcomingversionsoftheOCLstandard.WereviewtheseproblemsinthecontextofourworkofprovidingaformalsemanticsofOCLthroughanconservativeembeddinginHOLusingtheIsabelletheoremprover.1.Keywords:UML,OCL,formalsemantics,HOL,Isabelle1Thisworkwasp

4、artiallyfundedbyInteractiveObjectsSoftwareGmbH(www.io-software.com)inacollaborationwiththeSoftwareEngineeringGroupattheUniversityFreiburg.Contents1Introduction72ABriefInformalIntroductiontoUML/OCL92.1ASimpleExample...............................92.2Wh

5、eretoUseOCLinUMLDiagrams....................93ApproachesforFormalizingtheOCL114SemanticConcernsaboutUML/OCL134.1OnObjectModelsandClassHierarchies...................144.1.1DynamicallyExtensibleClassHierarchies..............144.1.2AccessModifiers:Visibil

6、ities.....................154.1.3FinalizationofClassHierarchies...................154.1.4SmashingofCollections........................154.1.5FlatteningofCollection........................164.1.6NavigationsoverAssociationswithMultiplicityZeroorOne..174

7、.1.7Invariants................................184.1.8TheroleofselfintheOCLstandard.................194.1.9Object-IDs(self)andidentity.....................194.1.10TheOCLtypesystem.........................204.1.11OCLFormulaeandInheritance:Non-monotonicE

8、xtensions...214.2OnSystemStatesandSystemStateRelations................214.2.1TheRoleof@pre............................214.3OnOperationsandMethods..........................224.3.1Strictness.................................224.3.2Recursion......