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1、LectureNotesinElectricalEngineeringVolume92Forfurthervolumehttp://www.springer.com/series/7818AntonioLiotta•GeorgeExarchakosNetworksforPervasiveServicesSixwaystoupgradetheinternet123AntonioLiottaGeorgeExarchakosDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringEindh
2、ovenUniversityofTechnologyEindhovenUniversityofTechnologyP.O.Box513P.O.Box5135600MBEindhoven5600MBEindhovenTheNetherlandsTheNetherlandse-mail:a.liotta@tue.nle-mail:g.exarchakos@tue.nlISSN1876-1100e-ISSN1876-1119ISBN978-94-007-1472-4e-ISBN978-94-007-1473-1DOI10.1007/978-94-007-1473-
3、1SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewyorkÓSpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2011Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,wi
4、ththeexceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Coverdesign:eStudioCalamar,Berlin/FigueresPrintedonacid-freepaperSpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)ToMaria,Dikeo
5、sandMarinaForewordWhenIbeganworkingforPeterKirstein’sgroupattheUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)in1980thedepartmenthadalreadybeenpartoftheembryoInternetforsevenyears.Thefirst‘‘localareanetworks’’werebeingdeployed,anditwasbecomingclearthatthefuturewouldconsistofmanynetworks,usingavarietyo
6、ftechnologies,allofwhichwouldneedtointerwork.AccordinglytheInternetcommunityadoptedanarchitecture(designedbyRobertKahnandVintCerf)inwhichallnetworksmustimplementacommon‘‘internetprotocol’’(IP)tocarrypacketsofdataacrossandbetweennetworks.Networkswereconnectedtotheirneighboursbycompu
7、terstermed‘‘gateways’’(wenowcallthem‘‘routers’’).IPdidnotattempttocorrectanyerrorsthatmightarise;thatwaslefttothe‘‘hosts’’—thecomputersattachedtothenetworksthatwerethesourcesandsinksofdata.Hostsimplementedaprotocolcalledthe‘‘transmissioncontrolprotocol’’(TCP),whicharrangedforthere-
8、transmissionofanypacketsth
