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1、Definitions1OBJECTIVES:1.Define“digitalimage”2.Describeimagedigitization3.Define:–digitalimageprocessing–digitalimageanalysis4.Comparecontinuousvs.digitalapproachRoughlycorrespondstoChapter1oftextbook.DigitalImage2DEFINITIONOFDIGITALIMAGE-contrastwithdefinitiononp.5oftextbook10718...11729...Digit
2、alImage3PIXEL(shortforpictureelement)GRAYLEVEL-generallyintegervalues,rangingfrom0tosomemaximumvalueDigitalImage-StandardValues4ParameterSymbolTypicalValuesRowsM256,512,768,1024,1320ColumnsN256,512,525,625,1024,1035No.GrayLevelsL2,64,256,1024,4096,16384Standardvaluesforrows,columnsandgraylevels.T
3、henumberofgraylevelsisalsousuallyapowerof2:BL=2whereBisthenumberofbitsinthebinaryrepresentationoftheimage.E.g.,B=8impliesL=256graylevelsnumberedfrom0,?,255.Q:WhatdoesB=1imply?DigitalImage-Display5Generally,wetrytomapeachpixelintheimagetoasinglepixelonthescreen.COLORMAP:E.g.,forL=256graylevels,0ma
4、psintoblack,255intowhiteandvaluesinbetweenmaplinearlyintovariouslevelsofgray.NOTE:p.3ofbookusesreversemap.ImagematrixScreen000001272550025512700000DigitalImage6MATHEMATICALNOTATIONAdigitalimageisdenotedby:jiDigitalImage7MATHEMATICALNOTATIONRangeofindices:jiImageDigitization8NOTATIONThe2DfunctionI
5、(x,y)representsacontinuous-toneimage.I(x,y)isthebrightnessorintensityofapointatlocation(x,y).I,x&ycantakeonacontinuumofvalues.Indigitalimages,i&jareintegersandIisalsousuallyaninteger.I(x,y)-Cont.I(i,j)-DigitalxjyiImageDigitization9DIGITIZATIONI(x,y)I(i,j)Digitizer(e.g.,scanner)Digitizationconsist
6、softwosteps:1.2.ImageDigitization10SAMPLING:I(x,y)SamplerThecontinuous-toneimage,I(x,y),isscannedanditsbrightnessismeasuredorsampledatdiscretelocationstoformanelementinarectangularmatrix.Definitions11QUANTIZATION:I(i,j)QuantizerThesampledbrightnessvaluesarestillcontinuous.Next,eachelementinthemat
7、rixisquantized,i.e,replacedbyaninteger.Quantizedvaluesarecalledgraylevels.Recall,aB-bitimagehas2Bgraylevelsfrom0to2B-1.Therangeofgraylevelsiscalledthedynamicrangeoftheimage.ImageDigitization12SPATIALRESOLUTIONWhathappe
